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八年級（下）英語學(xué)科導(dǎo)學(xué)案

Unit9　 Have you ever been to an amusement park?
(Section B)
教師寄語：Custom makes all things easy.有個好習(xí)慣，事事皆不難。
一、學(xué)習(xí)目標
1) 單詞與短語exchange student, attendant, flight attendant, discover, requirement, guide, tour guide
2)目標句型：
1. Where do you want to go?
　　2. How long have you been doing…?
　　3. What do you like best about doing sth.?
　　4. What kind of job do you want?
　　5. How do/did you do sth.?
3) 語法　現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。
二、教學(xué)重點和難點
1．教學(xué)重點：現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。
2．教學(xué)難點：現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。
三、知識鏈接
現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)。
四、學(xué)法指導(dǎo)：
通過小組合作學(xué)習(xí)，探究討論，結(jié)合導(dǎo)學(xué)案及相關(guān)資料理解各知識點，掌握本節(jié)學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容。
五、導(dǎo)學(xué)過程：
1. 組長帶領(lǐng)組員復(fù)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成進行時。
2. 組長帶領(lǐng)組員通讀本from page 71 to 72,理解其含義并完成表格。
3. 組長帶領(lǐng)組員熟讀3a，并指定堂朗讀人選。
4. 組長帶領(lǐng)組員找出本(from page 71 to 72)的重要短語、句子。 并指定堂展示人選。
5. Language points：
(一)have been to / have gone to區(qū)別
1)have been to表示曾經(jīng)去過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那了�？梢院痛螖�(shù)連用。
I have been to Beijing. I went there last year.
I have been to Shanghai twice.
如遇到adv.(where, here, there, home, abroad)省略to.
Have you ever been abroad?
Where have you been?
2)have gone to 已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或返回途中，或已在那了。著重指現(xiàn)在人不在這兒，常用于第三人稱。
Where has he gone? He has gong to Shanghai.
Practice: Beijing
Sanhe

Shanghai
(二)have been in/at + 地點 + 一段時間
已在某地呆了一段時間，地點為adv.時，省略介詞。
He has been in America for 5 years. / a long time.
How long have you been in Sydney?
How long have you been here/there/abroad?
翻譯下列句子，其含義：
a)I have been in the hospital for 2 years? ___________________________________
b)I have been to the hospital twice. ___________________________________
c)She has already gone to the hospital. ___________________________________
(三)現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)和一般過去時態(tài)的區(qū)別：
現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)：既涉及過去，又聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在。動作是過去發(fā)生的，結(jié)果是現(xiàn)在存在的。主要說明現(xiàn)在的情況。不和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如，last year, in 1980等。
一般過去時態(tài): 單純強調(diào)動作發(fā)生在過去某一時間，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，和表示過去的時間狀語連用。
I have been to Beijing. I went there last year.
He has lived here since 1980.
He lived here in 1980.
(四)現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)與現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)的區(qū)別：
have/has been + 現(xiàn)在分詞
1)謂語結(jié)構(gòu)不同 have/has + 過去分詞
2)現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)更強調(diào)動作的延續(xù)性，它是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)第二種用法的強調(diào)形式。
I have been doing my homework for two hours.
過去開始做，現(xiàn)在尚未完成，還在做，將繼續(xù)做下去。
I have done my homework for two hours.
過去開始做，現(xiàn)在可能已完成，也可能未完成。
（五）用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型
1)It is the first / second time…that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時。
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2) It/this/that is the+最高級+名詞+that...結(jié)構(gòu)，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時.
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。
This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.這是我第一次聽他唱歌。
*(1) ---Do you know our town at all? ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
*(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before? ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
　(六) e，neither./ neither + 助/be/情態(tài)動詞+同一個主語
e，neither.是口語化的簡略回答。一般情況下用Neither have I，為“neither + 助/be/情態(tài)動詞+同一個主語”結(jié)構(gòu)，neither在此意為“也不……”，同nor;表示主語所做的動作與前面提到過的人或事相同，是為了避免語言重復(fù)，其中的助/be/情態(tài)動詞在時態(tài)上與前一句保持一致，而在數(shù)上要與其后的主語一致。例如：
　　— I can’t swim. 我不會游泳�！　� 　— Neither can I. 我也不會。
　　I don’t want to go, neither will I.　　　 我不想去，也不會去。
　　He didn’t go to school. Neither did she.　　　 他沒去上學(xué)，她也沒去。
　　若在肯定句中表示“也……”，則要用“so +助/be/情態(tài)動詞”。
　　I am a student，so is my sister.　　　 我是學(xué)生，我妹妹也是學(xué)生。
　　He can swim，so can I.　　　 他會游泳，我也會。
　　I feel happy，so does he.　　　 我高興，他也高興。
(七) hear，hear of與hear from
　　(1)hear為及物動詞，意為“聽見，聽到”，后可跟復(fù)合賓語，hear sb do sth表示“聽見某人做了某事”或hear sb doing sth表示“聽見某人正做某事”。
　　We listened but could hear nothing.　　我們留心聽，卻什么也沒有聽見。
　　I heard her singing in her room.　　　 我聽見她正在房間里唱歌。
　　(2)hear還可作“聽說”講，后常跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
　　 I heard that he was ill.　　　 我聽說他病了。
　　 I heard that it’s a good film.　　　 我聽說那是部好影片。
　　(3)hear of意為“聽說”，介詞短語，后跟人或物作賓語。
　　 I’ve never heard of that place.　　　 我從未聽說過那個地方。
　　 Have you ever heard of that story?　　你聽說過那個故事嗎？
　　(4)hear from意為“收到某人的信”，后跟人作賓語。
　　 How often do you hear from your sister? 你多長時間收到你姐姐的一次信？
　　 I heard from him last week.　　　 我上周收到他的信。
(八)discover, invent, find, find out, look for用法辨析
　　(1) discover動詞,“發(fā)現(xiàn)”,指發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)存在但不為人所知道的事物,有時也指認識到某種情況.
Columbus discovered America in1492. 哥倫布于1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。
I soon discovered the truth.　　　 不久我便知道了真相。
　 (2)invent動詞,“發(fā)明”,表示發(fā)明了以前沒有或不存在的事物。
Edison invented the light bulb. 愛迪生發(fā)明了燈泡。
(3)find動詞,“找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”,指通過尋找發(fā)現(xiàn)某人、某物,強調(diào)的是找的結(jié)果
They found the lost boy in the cave。他們在洞里發(fā)現(xiàn)了那個走丟的男孩。
He didn’t find his bike.　　 　他沒找到他的自行車。
(4)find out意為“找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)，查明”，多指通過調(diào)查、詢問、打聽、研究之后“搞清楚，弄明白”，通常含有“經(jīng)過困難曲折”的含義，指找出較難找到的、無形的、抽象的東西。
　　Please find out when the train leaves.　　　 請查一下火車什么時候離站。
　　Read this passage，and find out the answer to this question.
　 (5)look for意為“尋找”，是有目的地找，強調(diào)“尋找”這一動作。
I don’t find my pen；I’m looking for it everywhere.
He is looking for his shoes.　　 　 他在找他的鞋子。
(九)It was because I could speak English that I got the job.
　　正是因為我會講英語我才得到了這份工作。
這是一個強調(diào)句型，強調(diào)原因狀語從句。
強調(diào)句型的句式是“It+be+被強調(diào)成分+that/who/whom+原句其他部分”。
被強調(diào)的是簡單句的主語、賓語、賓補或狀語，不能強調(diào)謂語、定語或表語。強調(diào)對象是人作主語時可用who，作賓語時用whom，其余一律用that。
Jim shot a bear yesterday.改為強調(diào)句型
It was Jim that / who shot a bear yesterday.
It was a bear that Jim shot yesterday.
It was yesterday that Jim shot a bear.
　　It was at the gate of the school that I met Tom.　　　 正是在校門口我見到湯姆。
　　It was because he was ill that he didn't come to the school yesterday.
　　正是因為他病了昨天才沒上學(xué)。
六、學(xué)習(xí)小結(jié)
我的收獲:_________________________________________________
七、達標檢測：
A）用所給動詞的正確時態(tài)填空
1. I __________(finish)today’s homework already. What about you?
2. He ____________ just ____________(decide) to join the swimming club.
3. _______you ____________(see) Jack recently? ——No , I haven’ t.
4. How long ____________ you ____________(be) in class today?
5. How many English words ____________ they ____________(learn)?
6. He ___________ ever ___________ (be) to the History useum several times.
7. — _____________ you ever ___________ (be) to the zoo?
—Yes. I ____ (go) there last summer. I __ (see) many kinds of animals there.
8. —Where is r. Wang?
—He _________ (go) to the library. He wants to borrow some library books.
B)1.How long has his brother_____the book? A.kept B.bought C.lent D.borrowed
2. I’ve never seen such a fine picture _____.A.ago B.before C.yet D.later
3 .—Has the foreigner been to many interesting places in Beijing?
—Yes,but he has not _____ been to many other parts of China.
A.already B.still C.yet D.never
4.You don't need to describe her. I _her several times. A had met B.have met C.met D. meet
八、布置作業(yè): 《同步練習(xí)冊》SectionB

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