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Unit 3 Travelling in Garden City 花園城市的交通
★重點(diǎn)詞匯air-conditioner空調(diào)conductor售票員double-decker雙層fare-box投幣箱 flyover立交橋　park停車場
pedestrian行人single-decker單層
★語法聚焦1．限定詞none of等的用法； 2．副詞nowadays, perhaps等的用法；
3．一般將來時(shí)的用法； 4．形容詞比較級(jí)fewer等的用法。
課文英漢對(duì)照
Look and read
Buses
In the past, many people liked travelling by bus. All passengers had to buy tickets. There was a bus-conductor in each bus. He collected money from the passengers and put the money in a bag. Passengers do not buy tickets now. They put their money in a fare-box instead. In the past, there were only single-decker buses. None of them was a double-decker bus. In the past, travelling by bus was not very comfortable. There were no air-conditioners in the buses．Nowadays, most buses have air- conditioners. Most of the bus-drivers are men, but some of them are women. However, in the past, none of the bus-drivers were women . All of them were women .
過去, 多數(shù)人喜歡乘公交車出行。所有乘客必須買票。每輛車上有一名售票員。他從乘客手中收錢，然后放入包中。現(xiàn)在乘客不必買票了。取而代之的是他們把錢放進(jìn)投幣箱中。過去只有單層公交車。沒有一個(gè)是雙層的。在過去乘公交車旅行不太舒服。車內(nèi)沒有空調(diào)�，F(xiàn)在，多數(shù)公交車有空調(diào)。大多數(shù)公交車司機(jī)是男的，但也有一些是女的。然而，過去沒有一名公交車司機(jī)是女的。他們都是男的。
Answer true or false
1 .Nowadays, none of the buses are double-decker buses. 1. 現(xiàn)在，沒有雙層公交車。
2. Nowadays, some of the bus-drivers are women. 2. 現(xiàn)在，一些公交車司機(jī)是女的。
3 .In the past, all of the buses had a fare-box. 3. 在過去，所有的公交車都有投幣箱。
4. In the past, some of the buses were air-conditioned. 4. 在過去，一些公交車帶空調(diào)。
Look and say
What will travelling in our city be like in 10 years\' time? Perhaps there wilI be more roads. Perhaps there will be fewer traffic jams. Perhaps we won’t travel by ferry any longer. Perhaps more people will travel by taxi. Think about what travelling in your city will be like in 10 years’ time. Look at the tables below, and then discuss with your classmates.
十年后我們城市的交通將會(huì)是什么樣? 也許會(huì)有更多的路. 也許交通堵塞會(huì)很少. 也許我們不再乘渡船了. 也許更多的人乘出租車出行. 想一想十年后你們城市交通將是什么樣? 看下表,和你的同學(xué)討論一下.
S1: What will travelling in our city be like in 10 years’ time? S1: 十年后我們城市的交通將是什么樣?
S2: Perhaps we won’t travel by any longer./ Perhaps more people will travel by ./ Perhaps there will be more/fewer…也許我們不再乘 出行了/也許將有更多的人乘 出行/也許會(huì)有更多/更少…
重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)解析
1 . All passengers had to buy tickets．所有乘客必須買票。
▲have和must的異同
在表示“必須”這個(gè)意思時(shí)，must和have to很接近。只是must強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法，have to強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要，若用來指現(xiàn)在，兩者可以換用。不過用have to的場合較多，尤其是在口語中，have to有時(shí)可說成have got to．另外，have to能用于多種時(shí)態(tài)，而must只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：
①I have to get home to do my work.. 我得回家干活。（可能時(shí)間或客觀情況不允許我再呆下去。）
② We must clean our room every day. 我們必須每天打掃房間。（作為一種義務(wù)，無論干凈不干凈。）
用于否定句時(shí)，mustn\'t表示“決不可”“千萬不能”，而don\'t have to表示“不必”，相當(dāng)于needn\'t. mustn、和don\'t have to在意義上有很大的不同。如：
1)We mustn\'t tell her about it．這件事我們決不能告訴她。
2)We don\'t have to tell her about it．這件事情我們不必告訴她。
3)You mustn\'t be late again next time．你下次千萬不能再遲到了。（不能用don\'t have to)
2. They put their money in a fare-box instead．取而代之的是他們把錢放進(jìn)投幣箱中。
▲ instead與instead of辨析
instead是個(gè)副詞，它后面不能跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞，而只能作動(dòng)詞的狀語或句子的狀語，而instead of是復(fù)合介詞，其后應(yīng)跟名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或介詞短語。如：
1) If you don\'t want to go, I\'ll go instead．你要是不打算去，我就替你去好了。
2) I will go instead of you．我將代替你去。
3. None of them was a double-bus。它們中沒有一個(gè)是雙層巴士。
▲none of之后除可接可數(shù)名詞之外，也可以接不可數(shù)名詞。如：
1) None of the milk can be used．這牛奶一點(diǎn)也不能用。
2) None of the rooms are ready．沒有一個(gè)房間準(zhǔn)備好。
4. Perhaps we won’t travel by ferry any longer. 也許我們不再乘渡船了.
▲no longer 與 not any longer
no longer 與 not any longer的詞義是相同的, 它們的區(qū)別主要表現(xiàn)在詞序上. no longer常位于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前,連系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后, 而any longer在否定句中總是放在句尾. 如:
① He’s no longer at school. 他不再上學(xué)了.
② I can’t wait any longer. 我不能再等了.
Unit 4 Making a model 做模型
★重點(diǎn)詞匯cardboard硬紙板cloth布curtain窗簾inside里面matchbox火柴盒material材料paint油漆，顏料
quilt被子 reel 卷軸 straw吸管size大小,尺寸 tape 膠帶 wallpaper墻紙tool工具 wardrobe 衣柜
★語法聚焦1．形容詞比較級(jí)的用法；2．時(shí)間副詞then, finally用法；3．祈使句的用法。
課文英漢對(duì)照
Look and learn
cardboard boxes 紙殼箱
a cotton reel 線軸
matchboxes 火柴盒
pieces of cloth 布料
wallpaper 墻紙
straws 吸管
Read，think and write
This is Kitty and Ben\'s model house. It is very small．They made it two years ago. They are going to make a new one. 這是基蒂和本的房子模型。房子非常小。是兩年前做的。他們打算做一個(gè)新的。
Making a model house 做個(gè)房子模型
We will possibly need： 我們可能需要：
．some brushes ?一些刷子
．a(chǎn) bottle of glue ?一瓶膠水
．some tape ?一些膠帶
．a(chǎn) pair of scissors ?一把剪刀
．some paint ?一些顏料
．a(chǎn) matchbox ?一個(gè)火柴盒
．a(chǎn) ruler ?一把尺子
．a(chǎn) pencil ?一支鉛筆
．a(chǎn) rubber ?一塊橡皮
．some paper ?一些紙
Let\'s start collecting things．Wait．Let me think what we\'ll possibly need…
讓我們開始收集東西. 等一下. 讓我想一下我們可能需要…
Look and learn
curtains 窗簾
quilts 被子
wardrobes 衣柜
Think and match
What do we use these cotton reels for? 我們用這些線軸干什么？
We use them for making tables． 我們用它們做桌子。
Tools and materials 工具和材料
a pair of scissors 剪刀
b glue and tape 膠水和膠帶
c paint and brushes 涂料和刷子
d matchboxes 火柴盒
e cardboard boxes 紙殼盒
f straws 吸管
g cotton reels 線軸
h pieces of cloth 布料
i wallpaper 墻紙
Use
．making the cupboards and wardrobes（d) 做碗柜和衣柜
．sticking things together（b) 粘東西
．making lamps（f) 做電燈
．making tables（g) 做桌子
．cutting things（a） 剪東西
．painting the walls of the model house（c) 刷墻
．decorating the walls of the model house（i） 裝飾墻壁
．making the model house（e) 做房子模型
．making curtains, rugs，sofas and quilts（h) 做窗簾、小地毯、沙發(fā)和被子
Look, read and write
This is Kitty and Ben\'s old model house. This is their new model house．What are the differences?
? size of the model houses
? size of the rooms/number of rooms
? colour of the outside/inside of the
model houses
? things/furniture in the rooms
? number of windows
? number of floors
The new model house and the old model house
The new model house is bigger than the old one．However, the rooms in the new model house are smaller．There are four rooms in the new one ．There are four windows in the new one．The outside of the old model house is blue．The outside of the new model house is brown．
新房子模型比舊的大。但新房子模型的房間較小。新模型有四個(gè)房間。新模型有四扇窗戶。舊模型的外面是藍(lán)色的。新模型的外面是褐色的。
Make and play
Let us show you how to make a model house．讓我們向你們展示一下怎樣做房子模型。
1 ．First, use some glue to stick the cardboard boxes together．首先，用膠水把紙殼盒粘起來。
2．Next，cut a piece of cardboard to make a roof for your model house．接著，剪下一塊紙板為你的房子做屋頂。
3 ．Then make some windows，and paint the outside of your model house．
然后，做幾扇窗戶，為房子的外面刷上涂料。
4 ．Finally, stick wallpaper onto the walls of the rooms．最后，把墻紙粘到房間的墻上。
重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)解析
1．They are going to make a new one．他們打算做一個(gè)新的。
▲對(duì)于將要發(fā)生的事，或打算，計(jì)劃，決定要做的事情，都以be going to十動(dòng)詞原形的句型來表示，其中be動(dòng)詞是否用am, is，are決定于主語。如：1）He is going to be back soon．他不久將回來。
2）I am going to buy a new bike．我要買一輛新自行車。
▲此處one用作不定代詞，它可指代剛提到的人或可數(shù)的物，也可泛指人們或一個(gè)人，但不可指代不可數(shù)名詞。如：1）I have a red pen, and he has a blue one。我有支紅鋼筆，他有支藍(lán)鋼筆。
2）One could see that he was very happy．人們能看得出他非常高興。
2. Let\'s start collecting things．讓我們開始收集東西吧。
▲let是及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“讓”“請(qǐng)讓”“允許”“做……吧”等，其過去式仍為let。let位于句首，引導(dǎo)祈使句。let后面跟somebody作賓語時(shí)，在somebody之后的動(dòng)詞不定式，需要省略不定式符號(hào)to。
a. let用于祈使句，表示“請(qǐng)讓” “做……吧”。如：
1）0K, let me try！好，讓我試一試吧�。ㄊ÷粤酥髡Zyou的祈使句）
2）Let me have a look．請(qǐng)讓我看一看。（省略了主語you的祈使句）
3) Let\'s do it together．咱們一起做吧。（祈使句）
4）Let\'s begin our class．我們開始上課吧。（祈使句）
b. let用于第三人稱作賓語的句子中，表示“讓”。如：
1）Let him think about it for a minute．讓他考慮一會(huì)吧。
2）Let them feel it場hand．讓他們用手摸一摸。
c. let用于不省略主語的句子中，表示“允許”“讓”。如：
1）After my explanation, she let her da回lter go with her classmates.
在我解釋過后，她允許女兒和同學(xué)們一起去了。
2）The father let his son have a rest before moving to Lesson Nine.
那位爸爸讓兒子在進(jìn)行第九課之前休息休息。
3 . First,…Next, Then... Finally,…首先，……接著，……然后……最后，……
▲在漢語中，我們常用“某人先做了某事，然后作了某事，最后做了某事”來表示某個(gè)人做事情的先后順序。在英語中，我們也可以在句子前加一些表示先后順序的詞語來表示動(dòng)作的先后順序。常用的詞語有first...then…， finally/in the end...。如：
1）Let\'s first get everything ready. Then we will read the directions. Finally/In the end, we must do it very carelly.
我們先把一切準(zhǔn)備好。然后我們來看說明書。最后，我們一定要非常小心地去做。
2）What a shame！First he gave me the book as a present. Then he got it back from me. And finally/in the end, now, he said he would give it to me again. I will never take his things, never.
真丟人，他先是把這本書作為禮物送給我。然后，他又把它要了回去。最后，就是現(xiàn)在，他又要把這本書送給我。我永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)要他的東西，永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)。
More Practice
The four season四個(gè)季節(jié)
Spring春天
Spring is an exciting time of the year．The weather starts getting warm. The wind blows gently. It always rains, so it is wet everywhere. Plants start growing. Leaves start growing on the trees. The animals which sleep in winter start waking up. Easter is in spring．It is nice to celebrate this festival by giving each other chocolate eggs．
春天是一年中令人興奮的季節(jié)。天開始變暖了。風(fēng)輕輕的吹。春天經(jīng)常下雨，所以到處都是濕的。植物開始生長。樹葉開始生長。在冬天沉睡的動(dòng)物開始醒來。復(fù)活節(jié)在春天。通過送給對(duì)方巧克力蛋來慶祝這個(gè)節(jié)日真的很不錯(cuò)。
Summer
Summer is full of fun. The weather starts getting hot. There are a lot of flowers. The sun shines brightly. It is nice to have an ice-cream in summer.
Many people love going to the beach. They swim happily in the sea. The children build sandcastles on the beach. Sometimes it rains heavily. Sometimes there are typhoons. The wind blowes a lot. It is dangerous to go outside in this weather.
夏天充滿歡樂。天開始變熱了。有許多花。陽光明媚。在夏天吃一支冰激凌真的很好。
許多人喜歡去海邊。他們?cè)诤＠锟鞓返挠斡尽：⒆觽冊(cè)诤�灘建沙堡。有時(shí)下大雨。有時(shí)有臺(tái)風(fēng)。風(fēng)很大。在這種天氣外出是危險(xiǎn)的。
Autumn
Autumn makes the countryside look very different. Leaves start falling from the trees. Some leaves become brown, red or yellow. There are dry leaves everywhere. The weather starts getting cooler. The wind becomes a little stronger. Some birds start flying to warmer places. Some animals start eating more food in autumn because they will not eat anything in winter. They will just go to sleep in winter.
Many people love going on picnic in autumn because the weather is warm and dry. It is nice to have a barbecue, too. Children like flying kites on windy days.
秋天使鄉(xiāng)村看起來不同。樹葉開始落下來。一些樹葉變成棕色、紅色或黃色。到處都有干樹葉。天開始變涼了。風(fēng)變的更猛烈了。一些鳥開始飛到暖和的地方。在秋天一些動(dòng)物開始吃更多的食物，以便它們?cè)诙�天不吃任何東西。在冬天它們只是睡覺。
在秋天許多人喜歡去野餐，因?yàn)樘鞖饧扰�和又干爽。舉行燒烤也很不錯(cuò)。在有風(fēng)的日子孩子們喜歡放風(fēng)箏。
Winter
In winter, the weather starts getting cold and dry. Some animals go to sleep. They will not wake up until spring comes.People put on thick coats,scarves and boots.
Christmas is in winter in many places of the world. People buy Christmas presents to give to other people. Children start thinking about their Christmas presents, It is fun to have Christmas parties with our friends.

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