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虛擬語氣（The Subjunctive Mood）

虛擬語氣用于表示主觀愿望和假設(shè)的虛擬情況。所講的內(nèi)容往往是與事實(shí)相反的；或是其實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性微乎其微，甚至于沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性。當(dāng)然，有時(shí)為了使說話的語氣客氣、緩和、委婉，也使用虛擬語氣.

虛擬語氣是英語語法中的難點(diǎn)。考生應(yīng)主要掌握虛擬語氣在下列情況下的用法：

① 虛擬語氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的用法；

②在賓語從句中的用法；

② 在狀語從句中的用法；

④及主語從句、同位語從句、表語從句中的用法；

⑤在一些特殊句型中的用法等。

一、用于非真實(shí)條件句中的虛擬語氣

。

If 從句的謂語形式

主句的謂語形式

與過去事實(shí)相反

had done

would have done

與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反

did/were

would do

與將來事實(shí)相反

did/were

should do

were to do

would do

注意點(diǎn)：

1. 省略If 當(dāng)條件狀語從句的謂語含有were, had, should時(shí)，可以將它們放在句首，省略if。

1. If he should act like that again, he would be fired immediately.

=Should he act like that again, he would be fired immediately.

2. If you were the manager here, what would you do?

=___Were you the manger here_______________, what would you do?

______If it should rain ____/_________Should it rain____ tomorrow(如果明天下雪), we would put off our celebration.

__If you had attended______/___Had you attended______________ the lecture(如果你聽了講座), you could have known the special customs.

2. 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句

當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為"錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句", 動(dòng)詞的形式要分別根據(jù)它所表示的不同時(shí)間作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整

1）If he had followed the doctor's advice，he would recover already．如果他遵照醫(yī)生的勸告，現(xiàn)在病就好了。（從句與過去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。）

2）If I ___were______ (be) you，I __wouldn’t have missed___ (not miss) the film last night．

3) If the boy __________hadn’t saved_ (not save) this afternoon, his family _wouldn’t be_ (not be) in peace now.

4) If you worked (work) hard now, you _would get___ (get) a good job in the future.

5) If he hadn’t been caught (not catch) in the rain yesterday, he ______wouldn’t be__ (not be) ill now.

二． 虛擬語氣用于某些從句中的情況：
1）在主語從句中
在It + be +形容詞/ 名詞 + that從句的結(jié)構(gòu)中，由于某些形容詞/ 名詞的原因，that從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬式"should + 動(dòng)詞原形"或是"動(dòng)詞原形"。

這類形容詞/ 名詞常見的有： important（重要的）, necessary(必要的）, strange（奇怪的）, natural（自然的）, essential（絕對必要的）, urgent（緊急的）, advisable(明智的), regretful（遺憾的）,duty（義務(wù)、責(zé)任）, a pity（遺憾）, no wonder（難怪）, a regret（遺憾）：
It is strange that he___say______________ (say) so .

It is a great pity that you____think_____________ (think) so.
It is natural that a bird ___rest_________ (rest) in trees.
It is necessary that he ___be sent___________ (send) to Beijing right away.

另外，下列結(jié)構(gòu)中主語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞也要求用虛擬語氣：
It is ordered that …(根據(jù)命令、要求……) , It is proposed that …(人們建議……)
It is desired that … (最好、需要……) , It is requested that … (人們要求……)
It is suggested that … (有人建議……) , It is recommended that …(有人推薦……)
It is demanded that …(根據(jù)要求……) ,等。例如：
It is suggested that the English evening _be held________ (hold) on Saturday.

2)在賓語從句中
一個(gè)堅(jiān)持，兩個(gè)命令，三個(gè)建議，四個(gè)要求。即1.insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose 4. demand , require, request, desire這些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法。即從句中的動(dòng)詞使用should +v，或者將should省略。以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語也要使用虛擬語氣。(order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire)

He proposed that we _set________ (set) a deadline for the complement of the plan .
They requested that we __send___________ (send) a delegation to their country.
I suggested that he ___set_______ (set) off for our headquarters straightaway .
注意：當(dāng)insist表示“堅(jiān)持說”、suggest表示“表明，顯示”時(shí)，不用虛擬語氣。

The look on his face suggested that he __was________ (be) quite satisfied with what I had done for him.

He insisted that he _was__________ (be) honest.

3) 在表語從句和同位語從句中
名詞suggestion（建議）, proposal（提議）, order（命令）, recommendation（推薦），advice (建議) 等后面所接的表語從句和同位語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞要用"(should) + 動(dòng)詞原形"：
My suggestion is that he __leave_______ (leave) for London at once .

What do you think of his proposal that we __put_________ (put) on a play at the English evening?

4) 在狀語從句中
as if 、as though（似乎，仿佛）引出的方式狀語從句，如果表示真實(shí)情況應(yīng)該用陳述語氣；如果表示非真實(shí)情況則應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣, 過去用had done, 現(xiàn)在用did/were, 將來用would do

They are talking as if they __had been_________ (be) friends for years.

The teacher treats the students as if they _were_________ (be) his own children.

They are talking and talking as if they ____wouldn’t meet_____ (not meet) again

5) 在It is (high) time that sb did/were sth從句中 "該是……的時(shí)候了",

It is time that we __got______ (get) ready for the final examination.

It is high time that we __had_______ (have) our lunch.

6) 在If only/wish…從句中 "要是……就好了"、"但愿……"

過去：had done 現(xiàn)在：did/were 將來：would do
If only he ____would find_______ (find) a satisfactory job after his graduation.

If only I __were_________ (be) a rich man now.

If only he ___had come________ (come) this morning.

7) would rather that “寧愿” 過去：had done 現(xiàn)在/將來：did/were

I would rather you _paid______ (pay) me now.

I would rather you __had gone_________ (go) yesterday.

Don’t come. I would rather you _came________ (come) tomorrow.


一：動(dòng)詞填空


1. If I were (be) you, I would go there with him.


2. If I _had worked________ (work) hard in the school, I would be (be) a college student now.


3. Had he followed (follow)your advice, he would have passed the examinations.


4. If you should not come/came/were not to come (not come) here tomorrow, we _would cancel_________ (cancel) the meeting.


5. If mother had had (have) $10 yesterday, she _would have bought________ (buy) me a present.


6. ----If he had been warned__ (warn), he wouldn’t have taken__ (not take) that food.


----Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.


7. You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven ____ (drive) in turn, you _wouldn’t have got_____(not get) so tired.


8. If you __had taken__ (take) your medicine yesterday, you would be (be)well now.

選擇題：

1. We demanded that we __________ of any change in the plan.

A) informed B) would be informed C) be informed D) had been informed

2. It’s necessary that he _________ a recognized qualification.

A) has B) have C) had D) having

3. It's high time we ____________ our attention to this problem.

A) turned B) turn C) had turned D) would turn

4. If only you __________ him what I said! Everything would have been all right.

A) didn't told B) hadn't told C) would not tell D) would have not told

5. Much labor would have been saved if the electronic computers_____________ before.

A) had invented B) were invented C) should have been invented D) had been invented

6. _____________ cease advertising, prices would be significantly reduced.

A) Were they to B) Could they C) If they D) Would they

7. You ____________ the clothes! We have a washerwoman to do that sort of thing.

A) shouldn't have washed B) mustn't have washed

C) can not have washed D) needn't have washed

8. Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she _________ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.

A) has to get B) were to get C) had got D) could have got

9. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 11 o\'clock at night.

A) were not played B) not to play C) not be played D) did not play

10. You don't have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you _________ on business first.

A) would go B) will go C) went D) have gone

11. It is important that enough money ___________ to fund the project.

A) be collected B) must be collected C) was collected D) can be collected

12. If only the committee __________ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.

A) approve B) will approve C) can approve D) would approve

13. I don't think it advisable that Tom ________ to the job since he has no experience.

A) is assigned B) will be assigned C) be assigned D) has been assigned

14. You _________ her in her office last Friday; she's been out of town for two weeks.

A) needn't have seen B) must have seen C) might have seen D) couldn’t have seen

15. It is recommended that the project _________ until all the preparations have been made.

A) is not started B) will not be started C) not be started D) is not to be started

16. I wish I ________ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.

A) could have slept B) slept C) might have slept D) have slept

17. I ________ her to the party but I didn't know her well.

A) ought have invited B) would have invited C) should invite D) may have invited

18. You ________ to town to see the film last week. It will be on TV tomorrow.

A) needn't go B) should not go C) had better not go D) needn't have gone

19. With all this work on hand, he __________ to the cinema last night.

A) mustn't go B) wouldn't go C) oughtn't to go D) shouldn't have gone

20. It was essential that the application forms ___________ back before the deadline

A) must be sent B) would be sent C) be sent D) were sent

21. ________ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password

of your E-mail account.

A. What is required B. What requires

C. It is required D. It requires

22．The chairman thought_____ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. A. that B. it C. this D. him
23. --- Don't you think it necessary that he _______ to Miami but to New York?

---- I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to.

A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that

C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what

Answers: CBAB DADB CCAD CDCA BDDC CBB





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