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深圳科學(xué)高中2013-2014學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中考試試題年級：高二 科目：英語（國際體系）命題人：林一霄 審題人：林一霄 考試時長：90分鐘 卷面總分：100分注意事項：答案寫在答題卡指定的位置上，寫在試題卷上無效．選擇題作答必須用2B鉛筆，修改時用橡皮擦干凈．解答題作答必須用黑色墨跡簽字筆或鋼筆填寫，答題不得超出答題框．托福閱讀（共一節(jié)，滿分60分）閱讀下列文章，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容回答問題，每個選項2分，共60分。The TelegraphAs properties of electricity became better understood in the early nineteenth century, and as it became easier and easier to manipulate, American and European scientists alike experimented with various devices for sending messages as electric signals over wire. although the first electrical telegraph was created, patented and put into use in the united kingdom in 1837, a second, and much more effective, electrical telegraph was independently developed in the united states during the same period. Patented by Samuel mores, and thus named the mores code(a system for sending messages, using combinations of long and short sounds or flashes of light to represent letters of the alphabet and numbers), it was this second American version that was quickly deployed across the globe over the next two decades.Though Morse claimed most of the recognition for this innovative device, in actuality it was made possible through the collaborative effort of several great thinker of the time. In 1830, another American- Joseph Henry- first demonstrated the potential of using electricity as a communications medium when he sent an electric current over one mile of wire to activate an electromagnet, which caused a bell to strike. Morse’s modifications successfully transformed Henry’s invention into a commercially exploitable technology. Morse used pulses(a single short increase in the amount of light, sound or electricity produced by a machine,etc.) of current to deflect an electromagnet, which moved a marker to produce written codes on a strip of paper. Although he completed his first working prototype in 1837, he was unable to send messages over long distances; the current could only be made to travel for 40 feet. However, after applying some of the specifications Joseph Henry had outlined some years before, he was able to transmit messages through ten miles of wire. Thus the problem of distance had seemingly been overcome.Much to the dismay of Morse, his potentially ground-breaking invention was unappreciated by a short-sighted American public. Only after five years of insistent persuasion did Morse succeed in procuring government funding by convincing congress of the revolutionary potential of the telegraph. In 1838, congress approved USD 30000 to construct an experimental telegraph line from Washington D.C. to Baltimore, a distance of forty miles. Upon completion of this line, Morse provided congress and the American public with a demonstration by transmitting the words “what hath god wrought?” from Washington to Baltimore. Even more to the dismay of Morse, congress was unmoved by this success and they were unwilling to devote public funding to further the development of the telegraph. Samuel Morse and his associates had no alternative but to obtain private funding for the extension of their line to Philadelphia and New York.Private enterprise did not wait for public sanction to move forward and capitalize on the new technology. Telegraph businesses were established in the east, south and Midwest. Dispatching trains by telegraph started in 1851, the same year western union began operations. Western union set up the first transcontinental telegraph line in 1861. Thereafter, the network was extended with remarkable speed. And the system evolved as it expanded. The original Morse telegraph was printed code on tape, however, it soon became common practice to send by key and receive by ear. A trained telegraph operator could transmit 40-50 words per minute. The telegraph monopolized long distance communication for almost 20 years, at which point a rival technology was developed that would once again change the face of communication- the telephone.Even with this new competitor forcing its way onto the scene, the telegraph held its place as an essential communication tool. In fact, the competition pushed the telegraph to new levels of efficiency. In 1892, Edison received a patent for a two-way telegraph that could transmit and receive simultaneously. Soon after, multiplexing allowed for the telegraph transmit up to 8 messages over a single wire, thus increasing the efficiency and strengthening the competitive edge of the telegraph. These improvements not only meant that the amount of information relayed could be increased, but more importantly, that the cost of sending messages was also significantly decreased. This evolutionary advancement allowed the telegraph to hold its own as a key communication tool for both the public and private good despite that challenge posed by emerging new technologies.Paragraph 1: As properties of electricity became better understood in the early nineteenth century, and as it became easier and easier to manipulate, American and European scientists alike experimented with various devices for sending messages as electric signals over wire. although the first electrical telegraph was created, patented and put into use in the united kingdom in 1837, a second, and much more effective, electrical telegraph was independently developed in the united states during the same period. Patented by Samuel mores, and thus named the mores code, it was this second American version that was quickly deployed across the globe over the next two decades.1. The passage focuses mainly on what aspect of electricity?A. problems associated with using long wires to conduct electric currentsB. its use as a medium for telecommunicationC. adapting electrical lines as phone linesD. using electrical lines to provide remote areas with power2. The word “deployed” in the passage is closest in meaning toA. positionedB. plannedC. testedD. operatedParagraph 2: Though Morse claimed most of the recognition for this innovative device, in actuality it was made possible through the collaborative effort of several great thinker of the time. In 1830, another American- Joseph Henry- first demonstrated the potential of using electricity as a communications medium when he sent an electric current over one mile of wire to activate an electromagnet, which caused a bell to strike. Morse’s modifications successfully transformed Henry’s invention into a commercially exploitable technology. Morse used pulses of current to deflect an electromagnet, which moved a marker to produce written codes on a strip of paper. Although he completed his first working prototype in 1837, he was unable to send messages over long distances; the current could only be made to travel for 40 feet. However, after applying some of the specifications Joseph Henry had outlined some years before, he was able to transmit messages through ten miles of wire. Thus the problem of distance had seemingly been overcome.3. According to the passage, why was Morse’s prototype telegraph inadequate?A. it could not send complex messages.B. it was very time consuming to use.C. it could not be used over long distances.D. it would quickly become obsolete.Paragraph 3: Much to the dismay of Morse, his potentially ground-breaking invention was unappreciated by a short-sighted American public. Only after five years of insistent persuasion did Morse succeed in procuring government funding by convincing congress of the revolutionary potential of the telegraph. In 1838, congress approved USD 30000 to construct an experimental telegraph line from Washington D.C. to Baltimore, a distance of forty miles. Upon completion of this line, Morse provided congress and the American public with a demonstration by transmitting the words “what hath god wrought?” from廣東省深圳科學(xué)高中2013-2014學(xué)年高二第一學(xué)期期中考試英語試題（國際體系）
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