動詞、動詞短語和介詞
【2012年高考命題預(yù)測】
動詞、動詞短語是英語中最靈活、最難掌握的部分之一，歷年高考都很重視對這方面的考查。這一部分拿分的關(guān)鍵就是平時的積累。請同學(xué)們務(wù)必掌握常見動詞構(gòu)成的短語：turn、make、give、put、get、call、look、take、set、break、pick、go、have、keep等。
高考對介詞的考查主要體現(xiàn)在1、介詞的基本用法及常用搭配；2、介詞短語的辨析。
【重難點突破】
一、下面我們用一些高考題來展示一下高考對動詞和動詞短語這一知識點的考查方式。
（2011?全國新課標(biāo)卷）34．William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to___．【C】
A．disappear B．fall C．fail D．damage
考查常見單詞fail的不常見用法。表示“（視力、健康等）衰退”
（2011?安徽卷）21．As the story______, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered．【D】
A．begins B．happens C．ends D．develops
考查具體語境中的動詞詞義辨析。“隨著故事發(fā)展，真相逐漸被發(fā)現(xiàn)�！�
（2011?湖北卷）29．The government has taken measures to the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable．【B】
A．take down B．bring down C． hand down D．tear down
（2011?遼寧卷）26．The exam results will be on Friday afternoon．【C】
A．put down B．put off C．put up D．put away
以上兩題考查常見動詞的短語辨義。Bring down 表示“降低”，
Put up 表示“張貼”。
二、介詞
【概述】介詞用于表明他后面的名詞或代詞與其他句子成分之間的關(guān)系。
介詞的基本用法口訣
早、午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、點與分。
年、月、年月、季節(jié)、周，陽光、燈、影、衣、冒in。
將來時態(tài)in...以后，小處at大處in。
有形with無形by，語言、單位、材料in。
特征、方面與方式，心情成語慣用in。
介詞at和to表方向，攻擊、位置、惡、善分。
日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚，
收音、農(nóng)場、值日on，關(guān)于、基礎(chǔ)、靠、著論。
著、罷、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，準(zhǔn)。
特定時日和"一……就"，on后常接動名詞。
年、月、日加早、午、晚，of之前on代in。
步行、驢、馬、玩笑on，cab，carriage則用in。
at山腳、門口、在當(dāng)前，速、溫、日落、價、核心。
工具、和、同隨with，具有、獨(dú)立、就、原因。
就……來說賓譯主，對、有、方狀、表細(xì)分。
海、陸、空、車、偶、被by，單數(shù)、人類know to man。
this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。
接年、月、季、星期、周，介詞省略已習(xí)慣。
over、under正上下，above、below則不然，
若與數(shù)量詞連用，混合使用亦無關(guān)。'
beyond超出、無、不能，against靠著，對與反。
besides，except分內(nèi)外，among之內(nèi)along沿。
同類比較except，加for異類記心間。
原狀because of,、 owing to、 due to表語形容詞
under后接修、建中，of、from物、化分。
before、after表一點, ago、later表一段。
before能接完成時，ago過去極有限。
since以來during間，since時態(tài)多變換。
與之相比beside，除了last but one。
復(fù)不定for、找、價、原，對、給、段、去、為、作、贊。
快到、對、向towards，工、學(xué)、軍、城、北、上、南。
but for否定用虛擬，復(fù)合介詞待后言。
ing型由于鑒，除了除外與包合。
之后、關(guān)于、在......方面，有關(guān)介詞須記全。
in內(nèi)to外表位置，山、水、國界to在前。
常用介詞對比
1.during和for
during表示”在……整個期間”或“在……期間中的某一時候”
during the week 整個星期中
during the vacation 度假期間
during my absence我不在的時候
for強(qiáng)調(diào)時間(持續(xù))的長度
for a week 一個星期
for several days 幾天
for two hours 兩個小時
2.since和for
since和for都可表示時間的延續(xù)，與動詞完成時連用。since 表示“從過去某一時間(開始)直到現(xiàn)在”；for 在表示時間持續(xù)的長度。
I have learned English since five years ago/since 2000.
我從五年前(開始)就一直在學(xué)英語。
I have lear ned English for five years.
我學(xué)了五年英語。
3.till和until
till和until同義，都有“直到……為止”的含義，until較為正式。
till和until用于肯定句，表示時間延續(xù)的終點，謂語動詞一般是延續(xù)性動詞。
I will be here till(until)ten o'clock tomorrow.
我一直到明天10點都會在這里。
I waited until three O'clock，but he didn't come.
我一直等到3點鐘，但他沒有來。
till和until用于否定句時，表示某動作“直到……才(開始)”，其謂語動詞一般是終止性動詞。
He didn't finish the work till yesterday.
他直到昨天才結(jié)束那工作。
The noise of the street didn't stop until midnight.
街上的嘈雜聲一直到午夜才停止。
4 .by 和before
by表示動作完成的期限，譯為”在……之前”、“不遲于”。
I want to be there by eleven.
我想要十一點之前到那兒。
Will you please finish the work by Sunday?
請你在周日之前完成工作好么？
before表示“在……之前”，指(時間)在某人或某物前
He arrived before me.
他在我之前到達(dá)。
the day before yesterday 前天
the year before last前年
5. from, since和between
from表示時間的起點，常常和to連用。
I am on holiday from 30 June.
我從6月30日開始休假。
I lived in Shanghai from 1955 to 1968.
我從1955年至1968年在上海居住。
since 表示“從過去某一時間(開始)直到現(xiàn)在” ，用于完成時。
I have not eaten anything since breakfast.
我早飯后到現(xiàn)在什么都沒吃。
between表示在兩個時間之間, 常常和and連用。
I am free between Monday and Wednesday.
我周一至周三有空。
6. past 和to用于表示時刻
ten past nine 9:10
ten to nine 8:50
7. above，below，over，under和on
above指離開表面的“面”、“上方”，表示“在……上方”，其反義詞是below。
below表示“在……下面”，指位置“低于”或指“在垂直線上的某一點之下”，或“在海平面或地平線之下”。
over 指離開表面的“垂直正上方”或“覆蓋”，其反義詞是under。
under指離開表面的下面，表示“在……下方”，也可指“在……下面(指兩個表面接觸)”。
a lamp over the table
a fly above the table
a cup on the table
under the table
below the table
在表示“比某物高時”，over 和above用法相同：
They built a room over/above the garage.
他們在車庫上面加蓋了一個房間。
8.across, over, through, along, around, round和about
across指越過、橫過，表示“從這一邊到那一邊”
A boy swam across the river.
一個男孩游過這條河。
He went across the street.
他橫穿過街道。
over 表示翻越物體到達(dá)另一端
over the hill 翻過山
A thief jumped over the wall and ran away.
小偷翻墻逃跑了。
through指從(空間里)穿過、通過，表示“從……一端穿過到另一端”。
The thief got in through the window.
小偷是穿過窗戶進(jìn)來的
The River Thames flows through London.
泰晤士河流經(jīng)倫敦。
It took us two hours to walk through the forest.
我們花了兩個小時穿過森林。
along表示運(yùn)動的方向，意思是“沿著”、“順著”。
We are walking along the street.
我們沿著街道散步。
There are trees along the river.
河兩岸都有樹木。
around和round的意思是“圍繞”；“在……附近”；“在……各處”。美語中多用around.
The earth moves around/round the sun.
地球繞著太陽運(yùn)行。
He went around/round the corner
他繞過拐角。
They sat around/round the table.
他們圍著桌子坐。
Can I look around/round?
我可以四處看看么？
About的意思是“四處，到處”
They walked around/about the town.
他們在城里到處走。
He is traveling about the world.
他正在周游世界。
around, round, about都可以表示“大約”。
There are around/round/about fifty people there.
那兒有大約五十人。
He arrived at around/round/about ten o'clock.
他大約十點鐘到了。
9.between和among
between表示地點、位置、關(guān)系，意思是“在……兩者之間”。
可用between A and B的形式，也可以在between之后使用能夠代表兩者的詞。
among表示位置意思是“在……中間”；“在……內(nèi)部”它通常指三者或三者以上之間。
The village lies between two mountains.
村子坐落在兩山之間。
The village lies among the mountains.
村子位于群山之間。
The little boy is sitting between his parents.
這個男孩坐在他父母親之間。
They are among the trees.
他們在樹叢中。
There are some American students among us.
我們當(dāng)中有些美國學(xué)生。
10. behind，in front of，before, after
behind表示靜態(tài)位置，意思是“在……后面”、“在……背后”，其反義詞是in front of。
before表示順序“在……前面”,其反義詞是after。
I stood behind/in front of the tree.
我站在樹后面/前面。
Your name comes after mine on the list.
在名單上，你的名字在我的名字之后。
He puts his work before everything.
他把工作放在第一位。
We were in the queue before you.
我們排在你前面。
11. in front of和 in the front of
There is a desk in the front of classroom.
教室前面有一張桌子。
There is a small river in front of the house.
房子前面有條小河。
12. beside，next to, by和near
beside和next to表示“在……旁邊”
beside/next to the door在門旁邊
I keep a dictionary beside/next to me while I am reading a newspaper.
我看報紙的時候在身旁放一本詞典。
by和near表示“在附近”，by距離更近，near則稍遠(yuǎn)
a house by the church 教堂附近的一所房子
by the sea 在海邊
near Beijing 在北京附近
13.inside和outside
inside表示“在(向)……里面、內(nèi)部”。outside表示“在(向)……外面”。
Put the bird inside its cage.
請把鳥放進(jìn)籠子里。
You can park your car outside the house.
你可以把車停在房子外面。
14.about 表示“有關(guān)，關(guān)于”
This is a book about flowers.
這是一本關(guān)于花卉的書。
Tell me about it.
把這件事告訴我。
He talked about his family.
他談到他的家人。
What is he so angry about?
他對什么事這么生氣？
辨析：about 與on都可以表示“關(guān)于，有關(guān)”，通常，on有“詳盡論述或談?wù)摗钡囊馑�，而about則有“論及、談到”的意思。
a book on Chinese art一本關(guān)于中國藝術(shù)的論著。
1.during和for
during表示”在……整個期間”或“在……期間中的某一時候”
during the week 整個星期中
during the vacation 度假期間
during my absence我不在的時候
for強(qiáng)調(diào)時間(持續(xù))的長度
for a week 一個星期
for several days 幾天
for two hours 兩個小時
2.since和for
since和for都可表示時間的延續(xù)，與動詞完成時連用。since 表示“從過去某一時間(開始)直到現(xiàn)在”；for 在表示時間持續(xù)的長度。
I have learned English since five years ago/since 2000.
我從五年前(開始)就一直在學(xué)英語。
I have learned English for five years.
我學(xué)了五年英語。
3.till和until
till和until同義，都有“直到……為止”的含義，until較為正式。
till和until用于肯定句，表示時間延續(xù)的終點，謂語動詞一般是延續(xù)性動詞。
I will be here till(until)ten o'clock tomorrow.
我一直到明天10點都會在這里。
I waited until three O'clock，but he didn't come.
我一直等到3點鐘，但他沒有來。
till和until用于否定句時，表示某動作“直到……才(開始)”，其謂語動詞一般是終止性動詞。
He didn't finish the work till yesterday.
他直到昨天才結(jié)束那工作。
The noise of the street didn't stop until midnight.
街上的嘈雜聲一直到午夜才停止。
4 .by 和before
by表示動作完成的期限，譯為”在……之前”、“不遲于”。
I want to be there by eleven.
我想要十一點之前到那兒。
Will you please finish the work by Sunday?
請你在周日之前完成工作好么？
before表示“在……之前”，指(時間)在某人或某物前
He arrived before me.他在我之前到達(dá)。
the day before yesterday 前天
the year before last前年
5. from, since和between
from表示時間的起點，常常和to連用。
I am on holiday from 30 June.
我從6月30日開始休假。
I lived in Shanghai from 1955 to 1968.
我從1955年至1968年在上海居住。
since 表示“從過去某一時間(開始)直到現(xiàn)在” ，用于完成時。
I have not eaten anything since breakfast.
我早飯后到現(xiàn)在什么都沒吃。
between表示在兩個時間之間, 常常 和and連用。
I am free between Monday and Wednesday.
我周一至周三有空。
6. past 和to用于表示時刻
ten past nine 9:10
ten to nine 8:50
7. above，below，over，under和on
above指離開表面的“面”、“上方”，表示“在……上方”，其反義詞是below。
below表示“在……下面”，指位置“低于”或指“在垂直線上的某一點之下”，或“在海平面或地平線之下”。
over 指離開表面的“垂直正上方”或“覆蓋”，其反義詞是under。
under指離開表面的下面，表示“在……下方”，也可指“在……下面(指兩個表面接觸)”。
a lamp over the table
a fly above the table
a cup on the table
under the table
below the table
在表示“比某物高時”，over 和above用法相同：
They built a room over/above the garage.
他們在車庫上面加蓋了一個房間。
8.across, over, through, along, around, round和about
across指越過、橫過，表示“從這一邊到那一邊”
A boy swam across the river.
一個男孩游 過這條河。
He went across the street.
他橫穿過街道。
over 表示翻越物體到達(dá)另一端
over the hill 翻過山
A thief jumped over the wall and ran away.
小偷翻墻逃跑了。
through指從(空間里)穿過、通過，表示“從……一端穿過到另一端”。
The thief got in through the window.
小偷是穿過窗戶進(jìn)來的
The River Thames flows through London.
泰晤士河流經(jīng)倫敦。
It took us two hours to walk through the forest.
我們花了兩個小時穿過森林。
along表示運(yùn)動的方向，意思是“沿著”、“順著”。
We are walking along the street.
我們沿著街道散步。
There are trees along the river.
河兩岸都有樹木。
around和round的意思是“圍繞”；“在……附近”；“在……各處”。美語中多用around.
The earth moves around/round the sun.
地球繞著太陽運(yùn)行。
He went around/round the corner
他繞過拐角。
They sat around/round the table.
他們圍著桌子坐。
Can I look around/round?
我可以四處看看么？
About的意思是“四處，到處”
They walked around/about the town.
他們在城里到處走。
He is traveling about the world.
他正在周游世界。
around, round, about都可以表示“大約”。
There are around/round/about fifty people there.
那兒有大約五十人。 [來源:學(xué)+科+網(wǎng)]
He arrived at around/round/about ten o'clock.
他大約十點鐘到了。
9.between和among
between表示地點、位置、關(guān)系，意思是“在……兩者之間”。
可用between A and B的形式，也可以在between之后使用能夠代表兩者的詞。
among表示位置意思是“在……中間”；“在……內(nèi)部”它通常指三者或三者以上之間。
The village lies between two mountains.
村子坐落在兩山之間。
The village lies among the mountains.
村子位于群山之間。
The little boy is sitting between his parents.
這個男孩坐在他父母親之間。
They are among the trees.
他們在樹叢中。
There are some American students among us.
我們當(dāng)中有些美國學(xué)生。
10. behind，in front of，before, after
behind表示靜態(tài)位置，意思是“在……后面”、“在……背后”，其反義詞是in fron t of。
before表示順序“在……前面”,其反義詞是after。
I stood behind/in front of the tree.
我站在樹后面/前面。
Your name comes after mine on the list.
在名單上，你的名字在我的名字之后。
He puts his work before everything.
他把工作放在第一位。
We were in the queue before you.
我們排在你前面。
11. in front of和 in the front of
There is a desk in the front of classroom.
教室前面有一張桌子。
There is a small river in front of the house.
房子前面有條小河。
12. beside，next to, by和near
beside和next to表示“在……旁邊”
beside/next to the door在門旁邊
I keep a dictionary beside/next to me while I am reading a newspaper.[來源:學(xué).科.網(wǎng)]
我看報紙的時候在身旁放一本詞典。
by和near表示“在附近”，by距離更近，near則稍遠(yuǎn)
a house by the church 教堂附近的一所房子
by the sea 在海邊
near Beijing 在北京附近
13.inside和outside
inside表示“在(向)……里面、內(nèi)部”。outside表示“在(向)……外面”。
Put the bird inside its cage.
請把鳥放進(jìn)籠子里。
You can park your car outside the house.
你可以把車停在房子外面。
14.about 表示“有關(guān)，關(guān)于”
This is a book about flowers.
這是一本關(guān)于花卉的書。
Tell me about it.
把這件事告訴我。
He talked about his family.
他談到他的家人。
What is he so angry about?
他對什么事這么生氣？
辨析：about 與on都可以表示“關(guān)于，有關(guān)”，通常，on有“詳盡論述或談?wù)摗钡囊馑迹鴄bout則有“論及、談到”的意思。
a book on Chinese art一本關(guān)于中國藝術(shù)的論著。
a book about Chinese art一本有關(guān)中國藝術(shù)的書
15.above和over都可用于表示“多于……”。
There are above/over thirty members.
有30名成員。
但是，它們各自有不同的習(xí)慣用法。
above zero零度以上
over fifty 年過半百[來源:Zxxk.Com]
【高考真題剖析】
（2011?全國II）14．This shop will be closed for repairs _____further notice．【B】
A．with B．until C．for D．a(chǎn)t
（2011?四川卷）8．Nick, it’s good for you to read some books _____China before you start your trip there．【D】[來源:Zxxk.Com]
A．in B．for C．of D．on
（2011?北京卷）35．With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken color．【D】
A．by B．for C．with D．in
（2011?天津卷）11．He was a good student and scored _______ average in most subjects．【D】
A．below B．of C．on D．a(chǎn)bove
（10上海）25. Sean has formed the habit of jogging the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.
A. between B. along C. below D. with
答案：【B】考察介詞的用法。根據(jù)句意“Sean已經(jīng)形成了每天沿著綠蔭大道慢跑兩小時的習(xí)慣”，表示“沿著”時，應(yīng)該選B。
（2011?重慶卷）24．Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read ______ the library．
A．in B．for C．by D．from
答案【D】考察介詞的用法。根據(jù)句意“Shirley經(jīng)常帶來自圖書館的書回家讀。”，表示“來自”時，應(yīng)選擇D。
（2011?福建卷）28．I’d prefer to my judgment until I find all the evidence．
A．show B．express C．pass D．reserve
答案【D】考察動詞辨義。根據(jù)句意“我寧愿保 留判斷直到找到所有證據(jù)�！北硎尽氨Ａ簟睍r，應(yīng)選擇D
（2011?陜西卷）25．Some insects _____ the color of their surroundings to protect themselves．
A．take in B．take off C．take on D．take out
答案【C】考查動詞詞組辨義。根據(jù)句意“一些昆蟲呈現(xiàn)出他們環(huán)境的顏色來保護(hù)他們自己�！北硎尽俺尸F(xiàn)”時，應(yīng)選擇C.
【真題練習(xí)】
（10福建）27. More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities space.
A. in search ofB. in place ofC. for lack ofD. for fear of
27. 答案：C
考點：短語辨析
解析：A. 尋找 B. 代替; C. 因缺乏 D. 生怕，以免。句子的完整意思應(yīng)該是：大城市建起越來越多的高樓大廈，因為缺乏空間。,
30. We’ve just moved into a bigger house and there’s a lot to do. Let’s it.
A. keep up withB. do away withC. get down toD. look forward to
30. 答案：C
考點：動詞詞組辨析
解析：A. keep up with 保持 B. do away with廢除，去掉；C. get down to著手處理D. look forward to盼望，期待
33. ? In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well.
--I can’t agree more. It’s great to have the two .
A. linkedB. relatedC. connectedD. combined33. 答案：D
考點：動詞詞義辨析
解析：A.; 聯(lián)系在一起；將人或物連接或聯(lián)系起來；B. 與…有某種聯(lián)系;C. 連接，連結(jié)；;D. 使聯(lián)合，使結(jié)合；
（10上海）30. In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled the local market.
A. longer than B. more than C. as much as D. as far as
答案：D
考點：本題考查介詞詞組。
解析：根據(jù)動詞travel可判斷此處應(yīng)填關(guān)于路程的介詞詞組，本題即為as far as。as far as遠(yuǎn)到...
（10安徽）22. No matter how low you consider yourself, there is always someone ______you wishing they were that high
A. getting rid of B. getting along with
C. Looking up to D. looking down upon
答案：C.
考點：本題考查動詞短語辨析。
解析： getting rid of意為“擺脫；去除”； getting along with意為“與……相處；進(jìn)展”； Looking up to意為“尊敬；敬仰”； looking down upon意為“看不起；輕視”。句意為“你無論認(rèn)為自己怎樣低下，總希望有個高尚的人來尊敬你�！�
23. ----How did you like Nick’s performance last night?
----To be honest, his singing didn’t _______to me much
A. appeal B . belong C refer D. occur
答案：A.
考點：本題考查動詞辨析。
解析： appeal to 意為“吸引”；belong to意為“屬于”；refer to意為“提到；涉及”；occur to意為“突然想到”。 句意為“她的演唱并不怎么吸引我。”
（10江西）25 Parents _______ much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.
A attach B pay C link D apply
答案：A
考點：考察動詞詞組。
解析：,attach importance to 關(guān)注.
26 Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just ______ sweet dreams.
A keep up with B put up with C end up with D catch up with
答案：C
考點：考察動詞詞組。
解析： keep up with 保持, put up with 忍受, end up with 以 為結(jié)束 catch up with 趕上。
29 We give dogs time, space and love we c an spare, and _____, dogs give us their all.
A in all B in fact C in short D in return
答案：D
考點：考察in的詞組。
解析： in all 共計 in fact實際上 in short 簡而言之 in return 以作為回報。
（10山東）27. Sam _____ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.
A. brought up B. looked up C. picked up D. set up
答案:C
考點：本題考查動詞短語意義辨析。
解析：句意應(yīng)為“山姆只是憑借看別人操作電腦就學(xué)到了一些電腦知識�！北硎尽皩W(xué)會”用pick up; pick up另外還有“撿起; 順車接送,搭載；收拾，整理；重新開始；獲得”等義；bring up 表示“撫養(yǎng)，教育；提出；嘔吐”；look up 表示“向上看；（形勢）好轉(zhuǎn)，改善；查閱”；set up表示“建立，設(shè)置；造成，產(chǎn)生”。
31. Your house is always so neat?how do you ______ it with three children?
A. manage B. serve C. adapt D. construct
答案:A
考點：本題考查動詞在具體語境中的使用。
解析：句意應(yīng)為“你家里總是那么整潔-----家里有三個孩子，你是怎么設(shè)法做到的?” 表示“設(shè)法做成某事”用manage it。serve 表示“為……服務(wù)；接待”；adapt 表示“使適應(yīng)，使適合”；construct表示“建造，構(gòu)筑；構(gòu)思”。
（10天津）11. Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion , and as a manager.
A. ended up B. dropped out C. came back D. started off
答案：A
考點：考查短語動詞的用法。
句意：作為一名職員加入公司，他很快得到提升，最后當(dāng)上了經(jīng)理。
解析：ended up as 作為……而結(jié)束的意思；dropped out是“退出，退學(xué)”的意思；came back是“回來”的意思；started off是“動身，出發(fā)”的意思。只有A項符合題意。
1. He telephoned the travel agency to three air tickets to London.
A. order B. arrange C. take D. book
答案：D.
考點：考查動詞意義。
句意：他打電話給旅行社預(yù)定三張去倫敦的機(jī)票。
解析：book和tickets搭配，是“訂票”的意思。
（10四川）6. Some people eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what nice.
A. looks B. smells C. feels D. tastes
答案：Ａ考點：考查系動詞辨析。
解析：與上句中的eat with their eyes相對，后句應(yīng)該為點看起來很好吃的東西。故正確答案為A。
8．Jenny was looking for a seat when，luckily，a man and left．
A．took up B．got up
C．shut up D．set up
答案：B考點：考查動詞詞組。
解析： get up意為“起床，起立”。句意為“Jenny正在找一個座位，正在那時，很幸運(yùn)地，一個人站起來離開了�！惫蔬xB。1意為“從事，占據(jù)時間或空間”；C意為“閉嘴”；D意為“建造，搭起”。
（全國Ⅰ）22. The workers ______ the glasses and marked on each box “ This Side Up”
A. carried B. delivered C. pressed D. packed
22題 答案：D
句意：工人們把玻璃制品包裝好并且每個盒子上標(biāo)記上“此面向上”。
解析：選項為四個意思上毫無關(guān)聯(lián)的動詞，此題考察動詞的詞義辨析。carry 譯為搬運(yùn)，deliver譯為遞送，press譯為按，壓，pack譯為打包。
（10江蘇）24. Thousands of foreigners were______ to the Shanghai World Expo the day it opened.
A. attended B. attained C. attracted D. attached
答案：C。
解析：表示成千上萬的外賓被吸引來參加上海的世博會。
26. The experiment has_________ the possibility of the existence of any life on that planet, but it does not mean there is no life on other planets.
A. found out B. pointed out C. ruled out D. carried out
答案：C
解析：排除可能性。Find out是查找出 point out指出 carry out執(zhí)行，實施
（10江蘇）29. So far we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is________ ideal. We have to work still harder.
A. next to B. far from C. out of D. due to
答案：B.
解析：far from 表示not at all . next to 表示僅次于 due to表示因為,由于
（陜西）14. You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must _____ you, I suppose.
A. agree with B. agree to C. agree on D. agree about
答案：A.
考點：考查動詞短語辨析。
解析：Agree with：同意，贊成；與……相適應(yīng)；agree to：同意，贊成（觀點，看法等）；agree on：就……達(dá)成協(xié)議；agree about：對...... 有相同的看法。題干意思是：你看上去很好。我認(rèn)為：三亞的空氣和海鮮很適合你。選A。
（10全國Ⅱ）8. My mother opened drawer to _________the knives and spoons.
A. put away B. put up C. put on D. put together
答案：A
考點：考查動詞詞組辨析。
解析： put away 放好，收拾起來；put up舉起，搭建，張貼，掛起； put on 穿上，戴上；put together 組裝，裝配，把…湊合起來
（湖北）28. Just as the clothes a person wears , the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house his personality.
A. resembles B. strengthens C. reflects D. shapes
答案: C
考點：考查動詞詞義辨析
解析：“就好像一個人穿什么，吃什么，以及和什么樣的人交往能反映人的個性一樣，一個人的住房也是如此�！币x一個表示“反映”的詞，就是reflect . “resemble” = look like; “strengthen”表示“加強(qiáng)，鞏固”；“shape”作動詞表示“塑形”.
29. Had he her promise, she would have made it to Yale University.
A. looked up to B. lived up to
C. kept up with D. come up with
答案：B
考點：動詞詞組辨析
解析：湖北每年考試的單選最后兩題通常比較難。該題的難點不僅僅在于這四個詞組的辨析，更主要的是考生要讀得懂這個句子的意思。該句是典型的虛擬語氣， “if” 引導(dǎo)的非真實條件句的倒裝句，描述的事于過去事實是相反的�！叭绻�(dāng)年履行了自己的諾言，她就會進(jìn)入耶魯大學(xué)了�！眑ook up to（抬頭看，尊重）keep up with（跟上，追上）come up with（追趕上；想出；提出），只有l(wèi)ive up to（履行，實行）符合題意。
30. It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money favors to them.
A. in preference to B. in place of
C. in agreement with D. in exchange for
答案：D
考點：詞組辨析
解析：先理解短語的意思. In preference to（優(yōu)先于）；in place of（代替）；in agreement with（同意，與…一致）；in exchange for（交換）。其實辨析這幾個介詞短語的難度不大，只需要認(rèn)識每一個短語中的核心詞preference, exchange, place, agreement的意思即可，猜測較為容易。
（10遼寧）28.Thousands of people _______ to watch yesterday’s match against Ireland.
A．turned on B．turned in C．turned around D．turned out
答案：D
句意：數(shù)千人出來觀看昨天同愛爾蘭隊的比賽。
解析：考查短語動詞的用法。turn out 有“外出”的意思，而turn on 則是“打開”，turn in“上床睡覺, 上繳”等意思；turn around是“轉(zhuǎn)身”的意思。只有turn out 符合語境。
32. The new movie _____to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time .
A. promises B. agrees C. pretends D. declines
答案：A
句意：這部新電影有望成為電影票房史上票房最高的影片之一。
解析：考查動詞意義辨析。promise除了表示“允諾，答應(yīng)”外，還有“有……的希望”的意思；agree是“同意，贊同”；pretend是“假裝”；decline是“衰老，衰退”。只有promises符合題意。
（10浙江）4．The majority of people in the town strongly the plan to build a playground for children.
A．consider B．support
C．confirm D．submit
答案：B
考點：本題考查動詞辨析。
解析：分析四個選項的意思：consider考慮，思考，認(rèn)為等；support支持，擁護(hù)，維持；confirm證實，確認(rèn)；submit使屈服，使經(jīng)受。根據(jù)語境：鎮(zhèn)上的大多數(shù)人都積極地?fù)碜o(hù)為孩子們建 造運(yùn)動場的計劃。
12．After that, he knew he could any emergency by doing what be could to the best of his ability.
A．get away withB．get on with
C．get through D．get across
答案：C
考點：本題考查與get相關(guān)的短語辨析。
解析：分析四個選項的意思：get away with僥幸逃脫；get on with與……有好相處；get through接通，順利通過，完成；get across被理解，越過。根據(jù)語境：經(jīng)過那件事之后，他明白了他能盡一切可能去順利解決任何突發(fā)情況。
（10上海）25. Sean has formed the habit of jogging the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.
A. between B. along C. below D. with
答案：B
考點：考察介詞的用法
解析：根據(jù)句意“Sean已經(jīng)形成了每天沿著綠蔭大道慢跑兩小時的習(xí)慣”，表示“沿著”時，應(yīng)該選B。
（10天津）13. My father warned me going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.
A. by B. on C. for D. against
答案：D.
考點：考查介詞用法。
句意：我父親警告我不要去西海岸，因為那里擠滿了游客。
解析：句中謂語動詞warned和介詞against搭配，構(gòu)成warn sb. against doing sth. 相當(dāng)于warn sb. not to do sth， 意思是“警告某人不要干某事”。
（10四川）5. Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back a big tree.
A. in B. below C. beside D. against
答案：D
考點：考查介詞。
解析：句意為：“累了，吉姆背倚著樹，很快就睡著了�！盿gainst此處意為：“倚著，靠著”；below“在……下方”；beside“在……旁邊”；in“在……里面或（時間）……之后”。
（遼寧）31. I agree to his suggestion ______the condition that he drops all charges.
A. by B. in C. on D. to
答案：C
句意：我同意他的建議，條件是他放棄所有指控。
解析：考查介詞用法。介詞on 和the condition that一起相當(dāng)一個連詞，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意思是“條件是，以……為條件”。
（北京）29. Would y ou mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are everyone's enjoyment.
A. in B. at C. for D. to
29. 答案：C
考點:本題考查enjoyment的習(xí)慣用語。
解析：for enjoyment為了尋求樂趣。例如：We work in the garden for enjoyment. 我們?yōu)閷で髽啡ざ趫@子里勞作。
（10重慶）22. The dictionary is what I want, but I don’t have enough money me.
A. byB. forC. inD. with
22. 答案：D
考點：考查介詞。
解析： I don’t have enough money with me 意思是我沒有隨身帶那么多錢。
（10浙江）7．I guess we’ve already talked about this before but I’ll ask you again just .
A．by nature B．in return
C．in case D．by chance
答案：C
考點：本題考查介詞短語。
解析：分析四個選項的意思：by nature 天生地；in return作為回報，作為交換；in case 萬一，以防；by chance偶然地。根據(jù)句意：我想我之前已經(jīng)跟你談?wù)撨^這件事，但是以防萬一，我再問你一次。
（2011全國卷I） 26．I can _____ the house being untidy, but I hate it if it’s not clean．
A．come up withB．put up with C．turn toD．stick to
（同上）34．William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight Was beginning to ．
A．disappear B．fall C．fail D．damage
（2011全國卷II）9．If you don't like the drink you______ just leave it and try a different one．
A．ordered B．a(chǎn)re ordering C．will order D．had ordered
（2011全國卷II）10．Mary, I _____John of his promise to help you．
A．told B．reminded C．warned D．a(chǎn)dvised
（2011湖北卷）（2011湖北卷）26．Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also _______our thinking．
A．directB．limitC．changeD．improve
（2011湖北卷）27．The minister said, “We are ready for discussions with any legal parties, but we’ll never ________ with criminals．”
A．negotiateB．quarrelC．a(chǎn)rgue D．consult
（2011湖北卷）28．Clinical evidence began to _______, suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals．
A．operateB．strengthen C．a(chǎn)pprove D．a(chǎn)ccumulate
（2011湖北卷）29．The government has taken measures to ______ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable．
A．take downB．bring downC．hand downD．tear down
（2011山東卷） 25．They are broadening the bridge to ______ the flow of traffic．
A．put off B．speed up C．turn on D．work out
（2011江西卷）35．You can’t predict everything．Often things don’t _____ as you expect．
A．run outB．break outC．work outD．put out[來源:Zxxk.Com]
（2011江蘇卷）28．?Are you still mad at her?
?Not really, but I can’t ______ that her remarks hurt me．
A．deny B．refuse C．reject D．decline
（2011江蘇卷）30．?You look upset．What’s the matter?
?I had my proposal _____ again．
A．turned over B．turned on C．turned off D．turned down
（2011安徽卷）21．As the story______, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered．
A．begins B．happens C．ends D．develops
（2011安徽卷）34．If you _____faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price．
A．come across B．care about
C．look for D．focus upon
（2011浙江卷）12．He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of ______ at a hotel for the night．
A．putting down B．putting off C．putting on D．putting up
（2011福建卷）28．I’d prefer to____ my judgement until I find all the evidence．
A．show B．express C．pass D．reserve
（2011福建卷）31．Born into a family with three brothers, David was____ to value the sense of sharing．
A．brought up B．turned down C．looked after D．held back
（2011四川卷）7．To get a better grade, you should __________the notes again before the test．
A．go over B．get over C．turn over D．take over
（2011四川卷）14．I often _____ the words I don’t know in the dictionary or on the Internet．
A．look up B．look at C．look for D．look into
（2011遼寧卷）22．What are you doing out of bed, Tom? You're ______ to be asleep． ,
A．supposed B．known C．thought D．considered
（2011遼寧卷）24．You are old enough to _____ your own living．
A．win B．gain C．take D．earn
（2011遼寧卷）26．The exam results will be _____ on Friday afternoon．
A．put down B．put off C．put up D．put away
（2011天津卷）6．I _______ a bank account after I made?1 000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation．
A．borrowed B．opened C．entered D．ordered
（2011天津卷）8．She ________ an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store．
A．turned down B．dealt with
C．took after D．came across
（2011陜西卷）25．Some insects ________the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves．
A．take in B．take off C．take on D．take out
（2011全國卷II）14．This shop will be closed for repairs ____ further notice．
A．with B．until C．for D．a(chǎn)t
（2011北京卷）35．With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be take _________ color．
A．byB．forC．withD．in
（2011上海卷） 25．Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ______ the tough years．
A．throughB．upC．withD．from
（2011湖北卷）30．When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside ________ younger men．
A．in terms of B．in need of
C．in favor ofD．in praise of
（2011山東卷）30．I’m sorry I didn’t phone you, but I’ve been very busy_____ the past couple of weeks．
A．beyondB．with C．a(chǎn)mong D．over
（2011安徽卷）25．Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek______ food safety problem．
A．in B．to C．on D．a(chǎn)fter
（2011浙江卷）5．I always wanted to do the job which I’d been trained ______．
A．onB．forC．byD．of
（2011四川卷）8．Nick, it’s good for you to read some books __________China before you start your trip there．
A．in B．for C．of D．on
（2011天津卷）11．He was a good student and scored _________ average in most subjects．
A．below B．of C．on D．a(chǎn)bove
（2011重慶卷）24．Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read __________ the library．
A．in B．for C．by D．from
（2011江蘇卷）32．We’d better discuss everything ______before we work out the plan．
A．in detail B．in general C．on purpose D．on time
（2011全國卷I） 30．The form cannot be signed by anyone ______ yourself．
A．rather than B．other than C．more than D．better than
（2011浙江卷）6．The school isn’t the one I really wanted to go to, but I suppose I’ll just have to ______it．
A．make the best ofB．get away from
C．keep an eye onD．catch up with
（2011福建卷）22．____ good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dished．
A．Far from B．Apart from
C．Instead of D．Regardless of
鞏固練習(xí)
1. I could tell the story much more easily if you don’t ____ so often.
A．break out B．break in C．break into D．break away
2．She ____ten dresses before she found one that fitted her．
A．tried with B．tried on C．tried out D．tried for
3．Last night a quarrel____ between the two brothers in our neighborhood．
A．broke out B．broke up C．broke away D．broke in
4．Our monitor was asked to ____the new textbooks．
A．give off B．give in C．give out D．give up
5．The experiment，though they had tried their best，____ to be a failure．
A．turned up B．turned out C．turned in D．turned on
6．Once he ____to do something，he will never change his mind．
A．set up B．set down C．set off D．set out
7．Three months have ____since I got here．
A．gone on B．gone by C．gone out D．gone down
8．The shop assistant ____a skirt for Joan to try on．
A．held out B．gave out C．send out D．handed out
9．The student____ his seat in the bus to an old woman．
A．gave away B．gave in C．gave up D．gave off
10．Can you ____what the teacher wrote on the blackboard?
A．make up B．make of C．make out D．make from
11．My study of biology has ____much of my spare time，but it has given me a great deal of enjoyment．
A．taken off B．taken down C．taken up D．taken away
12．Xiao Li didn’t ____in her lessons though she had been ill for a long time．
A．fall back B．fall behind C．fall off D．fall down
13．We shouldn’t ____any of our plan．
A．set out B．put out C．took out D．1et out
14．If you want to see the play，____your name on this piece of paper?
A．get down B．put down C．take down D. copy down
15．He went to the bookstore and____ two books for his daughter as a birthday present．
A．picked out B．picked up C．picked off D．took up
16． The teacher has a peculiar way of____ her students’ nervousness when they speak English．
A．breaking down B．going over C．taking off D．giving away
17． At times the balance in nature is ____，resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects．
A．troubled B．confused C．disturbed D．puzzled
18．一So how is your new roommate?
一She really____．She's always making loud noises at mid-night and when I remind her，she always makes rude remarks．
A．turns me over B．turns me down C．turns me off D．turns me out
19． There's no beer left and the pubs are shut so you’ll have to____．
A．go out B．go off C．go without D．go through
20． The film “A World without Thieves” ____a great success and brought in a large profit to the cinema．
A．a(chǎn)ppreciated B．enjoyed C．won D．seized
21．We were ____for half all hour in the traffic and so we arrived late．
A．kept up B．held up C．cut up D．rounded up
22． Small as it is，the ant is as much as a creature as ____all other animals on earth．
A．a(chǎn)re B．do C．is D．have
23．一How is the experiment getting on?
一That is the way it____. A．looks B．goes C．becomes D．gets
24． I was ____in the middle of my call because I had no more coins to put in the box．
A．cut off B．broken in C．hung up D．put down
25． Have you ever felt your cheeks get hot，your palms sweaty or been afraid to ____your teachers’ eyes when they are about to call on someone?
A．take on B．lookk into C．occur to D．look up
26． Traditionally，the young are used to doing what they are told，but then their ideas would ____in
their brain and not heard．
A．be locked B．be rooting C．be fastened D．be tying
27． After 15 years in the USA，he has finally decided to ____American citizenship．
A．concentrate on B．a(chǎn)pply for C．look out for D．a(chǎn)ppeal to
28． She told me she wanted to ____her two o'clock appointment in order to take care of her sick husband. A．put down B．call off C．hang up D．take off
29．We hoped to be able to move into our new house at the end of the month，but things didn’t ____as we expected． A．work out B．move out C．carry out D．get out
30.Bad habits are easily ____while good ones are hard to develop．
A．kept up B．caught up C．drawn up D．picked up
31．一H0w do you like the roast chicken?---It ____ good．
A．turns B．tastes C．feels D．keeps
32． When moving to a new city，one often finds it not easy what to take and what to____．
A．1eave behind B．pass away C．bring in D．get across
33．一That’s a lovely dress．You look good in it．
一Really? Thank you．My aunt gave it to me for my birthday，but I don’t ____the color．
A．go in for B．care for C．feel about D．concern about
34．Please ____a situation where you can use the daily expressions．
A．come out B．take out C．make up D．turn up
35．The big strike of the workers would ____the production of cars for several months．
A．hold down B．hold on C．hold with D．hold up
36．Red ____against a white background．
A．stands in B．stands for C．stands out D．stands up
37． If you don’t want to fall behind others，you must ____current events．
A．keep track of B．keep track
C．keep touch with D．keep in touch
38． I need the money badly now and I have to ____ my car though I'm not at all willing to do so．
A．destroy B．sacrifice C．undertake D．guarantee
39． His eyes were ____Della，and there was ____ in them that she could not ____．
A．fixed on；expression；read
B．fixing upon；expression；believe
C．fixed on；an expression；find
D．fixed upon；an expression；understand
40．____hunting animals and birds for food， kooris ____roots and nuts．
A．Adding；got B．Add；gathered
C．In addition to；collected D．In addition to；gathered
41．Because of bad weather the plane was ____for half an hour．
A．put off B．postponed C．drawn out D．delayed
42．一could I leave my case here until it's time for my train?
一Yes，of course．I'll ____it．
A．send Someone for B．keep an eye on
C．make Use of D．take a look at
43．The world ____seven continents and four oceans．
A．makes up of B．makes out of
C．is consisted of D．consists of
44．I always have so many things to ____when I come into the office after a trip abroad．
A．a(chǎn)dd to B．contribute to C．a(chǎn)ttend to D．a(chǎn)ppeal to
45． He worked hard before the college entrance examination，and it ____．His dream to go to college came true．
A. showed off B．paid off C．put off D．took off
46. The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to____.
A．make it out B．make it off C．make it up D．make it over
47. If anybody calls，tell them I'm out，and ask them to ____ their name and address．
A．pass B．write C．take D．1eave
48.The three sisters decided to hold a family party to ____their parents’ silver wedding．
A．celebrate B．memorize C．congratulate D．welcome
49．Joe Jones，the eldest of the eight children，had to ____out of high school at the age of 16 to help his father on the farm． A．1eave B．drop C．fall D．go
50. Words．____ me when I wanted to express my thanks to him for having saved my son from the burning
house．A．failed B．1eft C．discouraged D．disappointed
51．’一He was in hospital for six months．He felt as if he was ____from the outside world．
A．cut 0ut B．cut off C．cut up D．cut through
52. ?How about eight o'clock outside the cinema? ---That ____ me fine．
A．fits B．meets C．satisfies D．suits
53. Happy birthday，Alice! So you have _____ twenty?one already!
A．become B．turned C．grown D．passed
54．They see you as something of a worrier，____ problems which don’t exist and c rossing bridges long before you
come to them． A．settling B．discovering C．seeing D．designing--
55．一How do you _____ we go to Beijing for our holidays?
一I think we’d better fly there．It’s much more comfortable．
A．insist B．want C．suppose D．suggest
56. It is certain that he will _______ his business to his son when he gets old．
A．take over B．think over C．hand over D．go over
57. 一If you are feeling so tired，perhaps a little sleep would ____ ．
A．a(chǎn)ct B．help C．serve D．1ast
58．It’s ten years since the scientist ____ on his life’s work of discovering the valuable chemical．
A．made for B．set out C． took off D．turned up
59．A man is being questioned in relation to the _____ murder last night．
A．a(chǎn)dvised B．a(chǎn)ttended C．a(chǎn)ttempted D．a(chǎn)dmitted
60．He accidentally ____ he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn’t been home for a couple of weeks．
A．1et out B．took care C．made sure D．made out
61．They’ve ____ us￡150，000 for the house．Shall we take it?
A．provided B．supplied C．shown D．offered
62. We have to _____ the wheat as soon as possible because a storm is on the way．
A．get away B．get across C．get through D get in
63.Once a decision has been made，all of us should _____ it．
A．direct to B．stick to C．1ead to D．refer to
64.一Will $200 _____ ? 一I’m afraid not．We need at least 50 more dollars．
A．count B．satisfy C．fit D．do
65. John was late for the business meeting because his flight had been _____ by a heavy storm．
A．kept B．stopped C．slowed D．delayed
66.In some western countries，demand for graduates from MBA courses has _____．
A．turned down B．turned over C．fallen down D．fallen over
67．The evening news comes on at seven o'clock and _____ only thirty minutes．
A．keeps B．continues C．finishes D．1asts
68. Before building a house，you will have to _____ the government’s permission．
A．get from B．follow C．receive D．a(chǎn)sk for
69. 一Julia said she sent you a birthday card yesterday．Have you got it?--
Oh．really! I haven’t _____ my mailbox yet．
A．examined B．reviewed C．tested D．checked
70. John is leaving for London tomorrow and 1 will _____ him _____ at the airport．
A．send：away B．1eave；off C．see：off D．show；around
71. If anyone happens to drop in while I am out，_____ him or her leave a message．
A．have B．get C．a(chǎn)sk D．tell
72. We went to Canada to travel and my cousin _____ as our guide．
A．played B．showed C．a(chǎn)cted D．performed
73. They started off late and got to the airport with minutes to _____．
A．spare B．catch C．1cave D．make
74. The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without _____ his notes．
A．bringing up B．referring to C．looking for D．trying on
75. 一0w! I've burnt myself! 一How did you do that?
一I _____ a hot pot．
A．touched B．kept C．felt D．held
76. He is such a man who is always _____ fault with other people．
A．putting B．seeking C．finding D．looking for
77. Modern plastics can _____ very high and very low temperatures．
A．stand B．hold C．carry D．support
78. Could you please tell me where you bought the shoes you _____ yesterday?
A．tried on B．put on C．had on D．pulled on
79. Mary wanted to travel around the world all by herself，but her parents did not _____ her to do so．
A. forbid B．a(chǎn)llow C．follow D．a(chǎn)sk
80．We _____ the last bus and didn’t have any money for taxi．so we had to walk home．
A．reached B．lost C．missed D．caught
81．Mike didn’t play football yesterday because he had _____ his leg．
A．damaged B．hurt C．hit D．struck
82．We want to rent a bus which can _____ 40 people for our trip to Beijing．
A．load B．hold C．fill D．support
83. 一How are you managing to do your work without all assistant?
---Well，I _____ somehow．
A．get along B．come on C．watch out D．set off
84. She _____ Japanese when she was in Japan．Now she can speak it freely．
A．picked out B．made out C．made up D．picked up
85. 一One of the best ways for people to keep fit is to _____ healthy eating habits．
A．grow B．develop C．increase D．raise
86. The building around the corner caught fire last night．The police are now _____ the matter．
A．seeing through B．working out
C．looking into D．watching over
87. It was already past midnight and only three young men _____ in the tea house．
A．left B．remained C．delayed D．deserted
88. 一Four dollars a pair ? I think it's a bit too much．--
一If you buy three pairs，the price for each will _____ to three fifty．
A．come down B．take down C．turn over D．go over
89. After he retired from office．Rogers _____ painting for a while，but soon lost interest．
A．took up B．saved up C．kept up D．drew up
90.If your race car isn’t insured, you may _____ losing everything when it hits something solid．
A．delay B．deny C．a(chǎn)void D．risk
Key: BBACB DBACC CBDBA
ACCCB BABAB ABBAD
BABCD CABDD DBDCB
ADABA BDBCD CBBCA
DDBDD CDDDC ACABA
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