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Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
Part 1 Teaching Design
第一部分 設(shè)計
Period 1 A sample lesson plan for reading
(HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH)
Introduction
In this period, after the warming up, students will first be guided to talk and share. Then they will be helped to read an exposition（說明）entitled HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH. Then the students may be asked to listen and read aloud，read and underline，read and understand difficult sentences，read and transfer information，read and translate, read to decide on the type of writing and summary of the text and finally read to draw a tree diagram of the text and retell the story with the help of the diagram. The period will end in students having a discussion—How Did the Uni verse Begin?
Objectives
To help students understand the text’s forms and contents and learn about festival Astronomy
To help students communicate on the topic in focus with the words, expression s and structures learned in this unit
Focus
Wordsdissolve， exist，puzzle，crash，pull，float，exhaust
Expressionsin time, lay eggs, give birth to, block out, cheer up, now that, break out, watch out
Patterns1. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapor, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.
2. Nobody knew that it was going to be different from other planets going round the sun.
3. It allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases, which had become part of the earth’s atmosphere, into the oceans and seas.
4. This encouraged the development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.
5. They produced young generally by laying eggs.
6. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.
7. Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
Aids
ultimedia faciliti es, tape-recorder, photos, diagrams
Procedures
I. Warming up by learning vocabulary
Good morning, class! Today, we are going to take Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars. Before we read the text, let’s turn to page 99 and get familiarized with the vocabulary first. Pay attention to the making of the word. Study the prefixes, roots and suffixes in the words.
II. Pre-reading
1. Looking and saying
Have you ever wondere d how the universe began? Well I'm sure you may have many answers to this question, but I have one that perhaps, you may not have heard of yet. I will be giving you my theory on this subject. Now look at the screen and listen to me telling you something exciting.
科學(xué)家透露：宇宙可能有兩個
我們的宇宙和一個"隱藏的"宇宙共同"鑲嵌"在"五維空間"中。在我們的宇宙早期，這兩個宇宙發(fā)生了一次相撞事故，相撞產(chǎn)生的能量生成了我們宇宙中的物質(zhì)和能量。 　　 　　
2. T alking and sharing
Do you know how the universe began?
I n the 1920s in California, astronomer Edwin Hubble observed distant galaxies using an extremely powerful telescope. He made two mind-boggling (unbelievable) discoveries.
First, Hubble figured out that the ilky Way isn’t the only galaxy. He realized that faint, cloud-like objects in the night sky are actually other galaxies far, far away. The ilky Way is just one of billions of galaxies.
Second, Hubble discovered that the g alaxies are constantly moving away from each other. In other words, the universe is expanding. The biggest thing that we know about is getting bigger all the time.
A few years later, Belgian astronomer Georges Lemaître used Hubble‘s amazing discoveries to suggest an answer to a big astronomy question: “How did the universe begin?”
3．Listening and reading aloud
Now please listen to the recording and then read the text aloud. Pay attention to how the native speaker is reading along and where the pauses are within each sentence. I will play the tape twice and you shall read aloud twice, too.
4．Reading and underlining
Next you are to read and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in the passage. Copy them into your notebook after class as homework.
Collocations from HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH
a cloud of energetic dust（具有能量的塵埃）, combine into…（合成……）, move around the sun（環(huán)繞太陽運轉(zhuǎn)）, become violent（變得激烈）, the solid surface（固體表面）, explode loudly（猛烈爆炸）, in time（及時，最終）, produce the water vapor（產(chǎn)生水蒸汽）, make the earth’s atmosphere（構(gòu)成了地球的大氣層）, cool down（冷卻）, on the surface（在表面）, be different from…（與……不同）, go round the sun（環(huán)繞太陽運轉(zhuǎn)）, disappear from…（從……消失）, stay on…（存留在……）, show one’s quality（顯現(xiàn)某人的特性）, dissolve harmful gases（分解，溶解有害氣體）, become part of…（變成……的一部分）, develop life（發(fā)展生命）, grow in the water（在水里生長）, fill… with…（用……填充……，充滿了……）, encourage the development of…（鼓勵……的發(fā)展）, millions of years later（幾萬年以后）, live on land（在陸地上生活）, live in the sea（在海里生存）, grow into forests（長成森林）, produce young（生出幼仔）, lay eggs（下蛋）, animals with hands and feet（長著手腳的動物）, spread all over the earth（遍布全世界）, develop new methods（發(fā)展了新的方法）, grow food（種植）, move around（遷徙）, go by（過去，推移）, take care of…（在意……，照看好……）, put…into…（把……帶入，放入……）, prevent…from…（防止……做……）, escape from… into…（從……逃離到……）, become hot（變熱）, depen d on….（依靠，依賴，取決與…… ）, solve a problem（解決一個問題）
3. Reading and understanding difficult sentences
Skim the text and identify the difficult sentences of each paragraph. You may put your hand up if you have any questions.
4. Reading and transferring information
Read the text again to complete the table below,
HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH
What was the earth like after the “Big Bang”?
Why was the earth different?
Hoas life developed on earth?
What did small clever animals do?

HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH
What was the earth like after the “Big Bang”?A cloud of energetic dust at first and then a ball around the sun. In time as a result of its explosion, water vapor and many other gases were produced to make the earth’s atmosphere. Water then appeared when it cooled down, offering the possibility for the beginning of life.
Why was the earth different?The arrival of small plants growing in the water filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, encouraging the development of small living things.
Hoas life developed on earth?Carbon dioxide and air with oxygen helped life developed. First were insects and amphibians, and then appeared reptiles and dinosaurs, producing young by laying eggs. At first, came mammals producing young from within their bodies.
What did small clever animals do? With hands and feet, they spread all over the earth, developing new methods of growing food, hunting and moving around, yet neglecting the environment protection, causing new problems for human being’s existence for good.
5. Reading the text once again to decide on the type of writing and summary of the text
Type of writingThis is a descriptive writing.
ain idea of the passage
The earth came i nto being after the “Big Bang”. Then small plants came growing in the water, followed by green plants appearing on land. In the end a ppeared small clever animals.
Topic sentence of 1st paragraphAfter the “Big Bang”, the earth was just a cloud of energetic dust.
Topic sentence of 2nd paragraphThe earth was different because of the arrival of small plants growing in the water.
Topic sentence of 3rd paragraphany millions of years later the first green plants began to appear on land.
Topic sentence of 4th paragraphSmall clever animals appeared and spread all over the earth.
6. Going over the text to make a tree diagram and retell the story with its help

7.Reading and translating
As y ou have read the text times, you can surely put it into Chinese. Wang Hongqin, will you be the first to have a try, of putting the first paragraph into Chinese.
8.Closing down by watching a movie entitled From the earth to the moon《從地球到月球》
Through dramatization, this series relates the story of the conquest of the moon by the Americans, from the ercury and Gemini projects to the legendary Apollo missions.
“這是我的一小步，卻是人類的一大步�！泵绹�太空人尼爾阿姆斯壯在1969年踏上月球的那一刻留下了這句名言。這句話代表人類明的躍進(jìn)，宣告了太空時代的到。在阿姆斯壯登月近三十年后，好萊塢巨星湯姆漢克斯、金獎導(dǎo)演朗霍華與王牌?作人布萊恩葛瑟三人斥資6800萬美金將美國登陸月球的太空計畫拍攝成迷你影集【飛向月球】，重現(xiàn)當(dāng)年太空人的奮斗歷程，并在充滿史詩的氣魄中紀(jì)錄了所有的艱辛、驕傲、失敗與悲壯的犧牲，為人類的明寫下了精彩的一頁。

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