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　寫(xiě)作是英語(yǔ)詞匯，語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用各方面能力的真實(shí)反映。高考中的書(shū)面表達(dá)是一種有控制的寫(xiě)作（controlled writing），或稱(chēng)為有指導(dǎo)的作文（guided composition）。凡
是平時(shí)不愛(ài)動(dòng)筆的同學(xué)，應(yīng)該立刻行動(dòng)，每日或三句，或五句，趕緊寫(xiě)起來(lái)，否則悔之晚矣。

　　《考試大綱》對(duì)書(shū)面表達(dá)作了如下規(guī)定：要求考生根據(jù)所給情景，用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇一百個(gè)單詞左右的短文。情景包括目的、對(duì)象、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、內(nèi)容等；提供情景的形式有圖畫(huà)、圖表、提綱等。

　　書(shū)面表達(dá)的質(zhì)量要求：

　�。�1）要點(diǎn)全面、表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確、語(yǔ)句連貫。

　　（2）能用書(shū)寫(xiě)體熟練清楚地書(shū)寫(xiě)，格式、連筆、詞距、標(biāo)點(diǎn)正確。

　�。�3）書(shū)寫(xiě)格式、行文及禮貌用語(yǔ)等無(wú)嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。

　�。�4）基本語(yǔ)法和常用句型無(wú)嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤，意思表達(dá)清楚。

　�。�5）鼓勵(lì)使用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)，新穎詞匯和順暢連接。所謂復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)包括定語(yǔ)從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、倒裝、被動(dòng)、虛擬、非謂語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)、so…that、和with加復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)等。

　　在寫(xiě)作文時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

　�。�1）仔細(xì)審題，看清題目要求與注意事項(xiàng)。

　�。�2）確定文章類(lèi)型，如是記敘文，一般用過(guò)去時(shí)，如是說(shuō)明文，主要用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

　�。�3）看全內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)，主要內(nèi)容缺一不可。

　�。�4）盡量寫(xiě)草稿，實(shí)在沒(méi)時(shí)間也要寫(xiě)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)略題綱。

　�。�5）用你見(jiàn)過(guò)的句型來(lái)寫(xiě)，不生造中國(guó)式的英文。

　　（6）寫(xiě)好首句尾句，注意關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)的使用。

　�。�7）記敘文注意who,what,where,when,which,why,how

　�。�8）議論文注意論點(diǎn)論據(jù)。

　�。�9）可適當(dāng)使用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)和新穎詞匯，但應(yīng)以準(zhǔn)確傳達(dá)意思為第一原則。

　�。�10）書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)范，卷面整潔也要重視。

　�。�11）一般十句話(huà)即可達(dá)到字?jǐn)?shù)要求

　�。�12）寫(xiě)完后要以短文改錯(cuò)的精神復(fù)核全文，重點(diǎn)看動(dòng)詞的形式。

練習(xí)與解析--練習(xí)舉例

　　2014年全國(guó)（卷1）

　　書(shū)面表達(dá)(共25分)

　　假設(shè)你是李華，你在報(bào)上看到北京電視臺(tái)今年七月將舉辦外國(guó)人“學(xué)中文，唱中文歌”才藝大賽。你的美國(guó)朋友Peter正在北京一所大學(xué)學(xué)中文，你覺(jué)得他應(yīng)去試一試。請(qǐng)按以下要點(diǎn)給他寫(xiě)信告知此事，并表示可以提供幫助。

　　比賽時(shí)間：7 月18日

　　報(bào)名時(shí)間：截止到6月30日

　　報(bào)名地點(diǎn)：北京電視臺(tái)

　　注意：

　　1.詞數(shù)：100左右

　　2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫

　　3.參考詞匯：才藝大賽-talent show

　　Dear Peter,

　　Yours, Li Hua

　　One possible version:

　　Dear Peter,

　　I read in a newspaper today that a “Learn Chinese, Sing Chinese Songs” Foreigners’ Talent Show will be held in Beijing Television Station on July 18. I know you like singing, and you are in Beijing during that period. I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese. If you would like to try, you'll have to go to the TV station to sign up before the end of June. If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help.

　　評(píng)分原則：

　　1、本題總分25分，其中內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言占24分，詞數(shù)占1分。按7個(gè)檔次給分。

　　2、評(píng)分時(shí)，先根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來(lái)衡量，確定或調(diào)整檔次，最后給分。詞數(shù)在90—110之間的，加1分。

　　3、詞數(shù)不夠80和多于120的，從總分中減去2分。

　　4、評(píng)分時(shí)，應(yīng)注意的主要內(nèi)容為：內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)、應(yīng)用詞匯和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)量和準(zhǔn)確性、上下文的連貫性及語(yǔ)言的得體性。

　　5、拼寫(xiě)和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確性的一方面，評(píng)分時(shí)，應(yīng)視其對(duì)交際的影響程度予以考慮。英、美拼寫(xiě)及詞匯用法均可接受。

　　6、如書(shū)寫(xiě)較差，以至影響交際，將分?jǐn)?shù)降低一個(gè)檔次。

　　7、語(yǔ)言首先要求準(zhǔn)確通順。

　　8、鼓勵(lì)寫(xiě)出新穎詞匯，順暢連接和復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)。復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)舉例（定語(yǔ)從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、倒裝、被動(dòng)、虛擬、非謂語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)、so…that、with加復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)及名詞性從句）。

　自我訓(xùn)練

　�。�1）

　　請(qǐng)根據(jù)下列內(nèi)容提示寫(xiě)一封致歉信給你的朋友Alan。他住在Driffield。假設(shè)你名叫Tom，住在Pigston。詞數(shù)100左右。

　　apologize about last Thursday

　　did not come to see you

　　lost my wallet— found it

　　too late for the train

　　took the bus, but a wrong one

　　went to Milford

　　didn’t speak to you on the phone— tried, no answer

　　fix some other time

　�。�2）

　　根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇日記。

　　今天是12月10日，星期一。你在上學(xué)途中，突然聽(tīng)到不遠(yuǎn)處傳來(lái)呼救聲。你跑過(guò)去，發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)小男孩在水中掙扎。你放下書(shū)包，衣服來(lái)不及脫就跳進(jìn)河里去救她。河水很冷，你凍得發(fā)抖，但仍然繼續(xù)往前游，最后把他拉上岸。這時(shí)孩子的母親趕到了，她非常感激你，問(wèn)你叫什么名字，你笑了笑說(shuō)：“我是共青團(tuán)員”。

　�。�3）

　　請(qǐng)同學(xué)們寫(xiě)一篇短文介紹港口城市青島，內(nèi)容要求如下：

　　1、位于山東省東部。

　　2、以藍(lán)色的大海，美麗的海濱而聞名，是避暑勝地。

　　3、每年夏天來(lái)自全國(guó)各地成千上萬(wàn)的人們到這里沿海漫步、游泳、購(gòu)物、觀賞秀麗景色。

　　4、近年來(lái)城市發(fā)生巨大變化，對(duì)發(fā)展我國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易起重要作用，成為國(guó)際港口城市。

　�。�4）

　　寫(xiě)一篇詞數(shù)約80—100的留言條。

　　內(nèi)容提示：

　　1、假定你叫Mary，原與Alice約好星期日一起去北京動(dòng)物園。

　　2、不巧，你小妹妹生病了，你得帶她去醫(yī)院看病。

　　3、北京動(dòng)物園離Alice家較遠(yuǎn)，Alice家在西單。

　　4、你建議Alice在西單乘15路公共汽車(chē)去動(dòng)物園，15路直達(dá)動(dòng)物園。

　　5、因是星期天，有許多人乘車(chē)去，交通是會(huì)緊張的。

　　6、祝Alice玩的愉快。

　　要求：注意寫(xiě)字條的格式。

　　（5）

　　你校擬進(jìn)行一次以“My Future”為主題的英語(yǔ)演講會(huì)，假如你被推選去參加演講，請(qǐng)你按提綱寫(xiě)出演講稿：

　　1、我決定當(dāng)一名中學(xué)教師，當(dāng)教師是我孩提時(shí)代的夢(mèng)想。

　　2、我認(rèn)為，和孩子們打交道并不是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，而是很幸福的。

　　3、我國(guó)教師缺乏，想當(dāng)教師的人不多，主要原因是當(dāng)教師工作辛苦，收入不高。盡管這樣，我還是決心獻(xiàn)身于教育事業(yè)。

　�。�6）

　　以《The Value of Time》為題目寫(xiě)一篇短文。

　　提示：

　　1、時(shí)間比金錢(qián)更重要、寶貴，要珍惜時(shí)間。

　　2、時(shí)間對(duì)每個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)是有限的，應(yīng)充分利用大好時(shí)光為國(guó)家效力。

　　3、指出有些人沒(méi)有認(rèn)識(shí)時(shí)間的價(jià)值。

　　4、養(yǎng)成良好的節(jié)約時(shí)間的好習(xí)慣，今日事今日畢。

　�。�7）

　　根據(jù)提示寫(xiě)一封感謝信。

　　假定你叫李偉，是北京二中高一學(xué)生。前些天你叔叔來(lái)信祝賀你的生日，并寄給你一本英漢詞典作為生日禮物，為此你給他寫(xiě)一封信表示感謝，并告訴他最近你在市英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)競(jìng)賽中獲一等獎(jiǎng)。寫(xiě)信日期為2000年6月8日。

參考答案

　　(1)

　　Dear Alan,

　　I’m writing to apologize about last Thursday. I am terribly sorry that I didn’t go to see you, for I lost my wallet. Anyway, I found it. But it was too late for the train. I had to take the bus. What a pity that I took a wrong one. It went to Milford. There, I waited for half an hour for a bus to Driffield. It was much worse that on the way to your home, the bus broke down. So I just went back home to Pigston. I really do apologize because I didn’t speak to you on the phone, but it wasn’t my fault. I tried several times, but there was no answer.

　　Anyway, how about next Thursday?

　　Love,

　　Tom

　　(2)

　　Dec. 10, Monday, Fine

　　This morning I was on my way to school when I heard someone not far away crying for help. I ran over to see what had happened. Finding a boy struggling in the river, I put down my schoolbag and jumped into the river to save him without taking off my clothes. The water was so cold that I kept trembling. But I encouraged myself to swim forward. At last, I pulled him to the bank. Just then the boy’s mother came and said, “Without you, my son might have drown. I ‘m so thankful to you. May I have your name, please?” I just smiled, saying, “I’m a League Member.”

　　(3)

　　The city of Qingdao is in the east of Shangdong Rrovince. It is famous for the blue sea and beautiful beaches. It is a wonderful place for summer holidays. Tens of thousands of people from all parts of the country visit Qingdao every summer. They walk along the beach, go swimming or do some shopping. They can see fine view of the city.

　　Great changes have taken place in Qingdao in the recent years. It has played an important part in the development of the foreign trade of our country. It has become an international port city.

　　(4)

　　Alice,

　　I’m very sorry to tell you that I can’t go with you to the Beijing Zoo this afternoon because my little sister is seriously ill and I have to take her to hospital.

　　The Beijing Zoo is far away from your home. You can go there by bus. As you live near Xidan, you can take Bus No. 15 at Xidan. That’ll take you straight to the Beijing Zoo. Today is Sunday. There are a lot of people going by bus. The traffic is very heavy.

　　I hope you have a wonderful time

　　Mary

　　(5)

　　My fellow classmates:

　　Every one of us is thinking about the future. What is mine? I have decided to become a middle school teacher. Does it sound surprising?

　　I had this dream when I was only a child. I love children. I don’t think to deal with them all year round is just wasting time. On the contrary it would mean happiness to me. As we all can see, teachers are badly needed in our country, but not many of us want to become teachers. One of the main reasons for this is that teachers work too hard but get too little. In spite of that, I’m determined to devote all my life to the cause of education.

　　(6)

　　The Value of Time

　　A proverb says “Time is money.” But in my opinion, time is even more precious than money. Why? Because when money is spent, we can earn it back. However, when time is gone, it will never return. This is the reason why we must value time.

　　The time we can use is limited. Therefore, even an hour is extremely precious. We should make full use of our time to do useful things. As students we must not relax our efforts to learn our lessons so as to serve society and our nation in the future.

　　But it is pity that there were a lot of people who do not know the importance of time. They spend their precious time smoking, drinking and chatting. They do not realize that wasting time is equal to wasting a part of their valuable life.

　　In a word, we should form the good babit of saving time. Do not put off what can be done today until tomorrow.

　　(7)

　　No. 2 Middle School

　　Beijing

　　June 8th, 2000

　　Dear Uncle,

　　It was very kind of you to remember my birthday, and I thank you very much for the English-Chinese dictionary and for your good wishes. I have already begun to use the dictionary, and I love it.

　　I am glad to tell you that I won the first prize in spoken English contest held in our city recently. I am sure you will be glad to hear that, and I’ll do my best to work harder and make more progress.

　　Yours sincerely

　　Li Wei