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　　主旨大意題解題技巧
　　主旨大意題在高考閱讀理解中出現(xiàn)的頻率很高，因為這類題主要考查考生能否通過理解、分析全文，區(qū)分主要信息和次要信息，進而總結(jié)歸納文章或段落的大意。測試點主要體現(xiàn)在對文章的主題、目的、中心思想的把握以及標題的選擇。
　　這類題型常見的提問方式有：
　　Whats the main idea of the passage?
　　What does the passage mainly discuss?
　　The topic of Paragraph is .
　　Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?
　　A good/suitable title for this passage would be .
　　我們知道：文章的主旨是通過段落來表達的，而段落的大意主要由主題句來體現(xiàn)，所以段落的主題句是構(gòu)成文章中心思想的有機組成部分。因此，識別各段落的主題句并由此歸納出文章的中心思想是解答該類題的關(guān)鍵。由于文章內(nèi)容和體裁的不同，作者的寫作手法也不盡相同，主題句在段落中出現(xiàn)的位置也不固定。一般說來，采用歸納法的段落，細節(jié)表述在前，歸納概括在后，主題句在段尾；采用演繹法的段落，先提出觀點，后演繹例證，由一般到特殊，主題句出現(xiàn)在段首；若作者采用由特殊 — 一般 — 特殊的方式，主題句可能出現(xiàn)在段落的中間。有時，作者沒有寫出明顯的主題句，我們要學會根據(jù)段落的內(nèi)容去概括出主題句，進而歸納出文章的主題。
　　做這類題時常用略讀法。快速閱讀文章找出各個段落的主題句。把各個段落的主題句聯(lián)系起來著眼于全文結(jié)構(gòu)安排，了解文章的重心，就能概括出文章的中心。文章的標題是中心思想最精煉的表達形式，選擇的標題意義范圍要能涵蓋全文，不能太大也不能太小。命題者在出這類題時，常常利用生活常識編造干擾項，把文中的細節(jié)當主旨，利用局部信息編造干擾項，編制超出文章范圍的標題或不能涵蓋文章中心意義的標題來考查考生的理解程度，考生要特別留意。對選擇標題類題，若遇到拿不太準的情況時，可以自己思考一下：如果是我寫這個題目，我會怎樣寫？。
　　看看下面兩個例題：
　　(05 廣東卷 B 篇)
　　Being considered a leader in our society is indeed of high praise．Leadership means power,
　　commands respect and, most important, encourages achievement．Unlike vitamin C, leadership
　　skills can't be easily swallowed down．They must be carefully cultivated.
　　Different from popular belief, most good leaders are made, not born．They learn their skills in their everyday lives．But which do they develop? How do they (and how can you) get others to follow?
　　Always give credit．Many leaders note that the most efficient way to get a good performance
　　from others is to treat them like heroes．Giving public credit to someone who has earned it is the best leadership technique in the world．It is also an act of generosity (慷慨) that's never forgotten.
　　Giving credit is more effective than even the most constructive criticism (批評) , which often
　　hurts rather than helps．Kenneth Blanchard, the author of The One-Minute Manager, agrees.
　　"Catch people doing something right!" he says．Then tell everyone about it.
　　Take informed risks．" The best leaders know that taking a risk is not a thoughtless exercise,"
　　says management adviser Marilyn Machlowitz, "Sky divers don't go up in an airplane without checking the parachutes (降落傘) beforehand．"
　　Because the idea of risk also carries with it the possibility of failure, many of us usually wait
　　for others to take charge．But if you want to be a leader, you must learn to fail - and not die a
　　thousand deaths．Pick yourself up and start all over again.
　　Encourage enthusiasm (熱情)．"When people understand the importance of work, they lend
　　their mental strengths," says Lee Ducat．But when they get excited about the work, all their energy gets poured into the job．That's a great force! Is this the best way to create excitement? Be enthusiastic yourself. You will be followed by everyone.
　　63．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
　　A．Leadership Is of Skills and Techniques
　　B．Leadership Is Very Important
　　C．Not Many Can Be Leaders
　　D．How to Be a Leader
　　解析：這一題考查主旨大意，要考生為文章選擇標題。文章第一第二兩段提出：Leadership skills must be carefully cultivated.Most good leaders are made, not born.（領(lǐng)導能力要精心培養(yǎng)。）接下來文章從三個方面闡述了培養(yǎng)領(lǐng)導能力的方法：Always give credit/ Take informed risks/ Encourage enthusiasm (熱情)。根據(jù)各個段落的主題句，結(jié)合文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，我們不難歸納出文章的中心：這篇文章講的是怎樣培養(yǎng)領(lǐng)導才能。由此，我們判斷選項D 在意義上涵蓋了文章的中心，是最好的標題。
　�。�05 天津卷 A 篇）
　　Everyones at it , even my neighbors . I thought I might be the only person left in the world who hadnt done an eBay deal . So, I decided to try my hand at online auction (網(wǎng)上拍賣) . Buying for beginners: Sign up on www.ebay.co.uk . Most items (e. g. tables, computers, and books) ready for auction will come with a picture and a shart description ; others may be marked with Buy It Now and have a fixed price . You can buy these right away.
　　If the item is being auctioned , you offer the highest price you are prepared to pay and eBay bids (出價) for you . The bid will be increased little by little until it goes beyond your highest bid, then you are emailed and asked if you would like to bid again. Auctions last up to 10 days and when they finish you get an email telling you whether you have won the item.
　　How to pay : Sellers decide how they would like to be paid and you need to check this before placing a bid as you might not want to post a cheque or postal orders . The easiest way is through PayPal, an online payment system that takes the money away from your credit card (信用卡).
　　Selling made simple: If you plan to sell on eBay, it helps to include a picture of the item . I followed my friends advice and put up the items I wanted to sell for a 10-day auction, starting on a Thursday. This way buyers had two weekends to bid.
　　The big things in life: Its easy to post a small item , but furniture is a big part of eBay and this has to be collected or sent by deliverymen . Check the ways of delivery before you bid.
　　36．What is the passage mainly about?
　　A．How to make payment online.
　　B．Ways of making delivery online.
　　C．Advantages of an online-auction system.
　　D．How to use an online-auction system.
　　解析：這是一篇說明文，文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰明了，第一段介紹注冊網(wǎng)址、網(wǎng)上的拍賣品；第二段介紹怎樣競價；第三段介紹怎樣付款。把三段的大意聯(lián)系起來我們就可以概括出文章的中心：網(wǎng)絡(luò)拍賣系統(tǒng)的使用方法。由此，我們很容易得出答案：D。

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