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2011-2012學(xué)年高一英語(yǔ)必修1（北師大版）素材
Unit 3 of Module I Celebration Period Two Lesson
一. 內(nèi)容： Unit 3 of Module I Celebration Period Two Lesson 3 & 4
［學(xué)習(xí)過程］
一、本課目標(biāo)與要求
1. 掌握重點(diǎn)單詞及詞組的用法
詞 匯
相 關(guān) 提 示
ought aux. 應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該 attend vt 出席，參加
link vt .連接
contribute vt .捐獻(xiàn)，貢獻(xiàn)
as well 也
請(qǐng)記住 ought to的用法及與 should 的區(qū)別。 比較attend 與take part in, join in 的用法。 link 的一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)短語(yǔ) contribute sth.to／towards sth. 請(qǐng)認(rèn)真掌握 as well 和 as well as 的用法。2. 語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)
1）學(xué)習(xí) have to /don’t have to ,can/can’t , ought to /ought not to 的用法。 2）Giving advice （提建議） You ought （not） to … 你應(yīng)該做…… / 你不應(yīng)該做…… You （don’t） have to … 你不得不做…… / 你不必做…… 3）It is /was（generally）believed that… 據(jù)信，…… People believe （d） that….
3. 文化意識(shí)培養(yǎng)和寫作
1）了解西方圣誕節(jié)的節(jié)慶活動(dòng)、印尼及希臘的婚禮和他們的風(fēng)俗及社交禮儀。
2）用本單元所學(xué)的單詞、短語(yǔ)、句型以及語(yǔ)法，寫一封電子郵件，介紹中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。
二、重難點(diǎn)詞匯講解：
1. entrance n.入口
巧記提示 ent（e）r（v．進(jìn)入） + ance（名詞詞尾）
Excuse me，where is the entrance to the exhibition hall?
對(duì)不起，請(qǐng)問展覽大廳的入口處在哪里?
1）注意介詞搭配:
at the entrance （of …）在（……的）入口處
the entrance to ……的入口處，進(jìn)入
2）entrance還可用作定語(yǔ)，如：
a university entrance examination 大學(xué)入學(xué)考試
entrance fee 入場(chǎng)費(fèi)
用正確的介詞填空
1）We usually use the front entrance ______the building but there’s another entrance _____the back.
2）The Status of Liberty was erected _____the entrance of New York Harbour.
2. attend vt.出席，參加
They had a quiet wedding——and only a few friends attended it .
他們的婚禮靜悄悄的——只有幾個(gè)朋友參加。
1）派生詞：attendance n．出席，參加；出席人數(shù)
attention 是 attend 的另外一個(gè)意思“看管、關(guān)心”的名詞形式。
2）易混辨析：attend，take part in，join 和 join in
attend 指出席或參加會(huì)議、聚會(huì)、講座等，僅僅表示 go to ,自己并不起積極作用。
take part in 指參加活動(dòng)或在活動(dòng)中負(fù)有責(zé)任；有時(shí)與join in可互換。
join意思是become a member of，加入到某一組織、團(tuán)體或人群中去，并成為其中的一員。
join in通常指參加某種活動(dòng)，尤其指和其他人一起參加某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。
選詞填空
I _____the meeting at which some Young Pioneers were accepted to ____the League，all of whom made up their minds to _____an active _____school activities and entered the coming round-the-city race．
3. ought aux.應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該
You ought to work harder than that. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)更努力地工作。
1）ought 常與 to 結(jié)合構(gòu)成情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，后面接動(dòng)詞原形；否定形式為 ought not to，縮略否定式是 oughtn’t to。
2）ought 的基本用法有：
（1）表義務(wù)，用于各種句式。一般說來，ought to 用于指將來，指現(xiàn)在則用進(jìn)行時(shí)（ought to be doing sth.）；也可用于完成時(shí)（ought to have done sth. ） ，在肯定句中表未完成的動(dòng)作，在否定句中表已完成的動(dòng)作。在間接引語(yǔ)中表過去形式不變。
（2）表推測(cè)，暗含很大的可能，語(yǔ)氣比 must 弱。
（3）ought to 往往和 should 同義，在生活交際中人們多用后者，但有時(shí) ought to 有針對(duì)性，should 則表一般的忠告。
活學(xué)活用
用 should，ought to，have to 填空
1）You _____ come at 4 o’clock if the plane arrives on time．
2）I didn’t go shopping this morning as I _____do the housework．
3）She _____come to see me yesterday, but she forgot.．
4）You _____ ask for permission before you left the table.
5）As they didn’t understand, I _____explain everything again.
4. contribute vt .捐獻(xiàn)，貢獻(xiàn)
He contributed some money to the flood victims．他捐出一些錢給遭受水災(zāi)的難民。
1）派生詞：contribution n. 貢獻(xiàn)
2）搭配：contribute sth.to／towards sth. 為……作貢獻(xiàn)。
例如：
She contributed a lot of good ideas to the discussion.她在這次討論中提出了很多好的意見。
3）另外 contribute 還可作不及物動(dòng)詞，contribute to 是“有益于；捐獻(xiàn)；促成……的因素”的意思，后面接動(dòng)名詞。
contributes to several charities. 捐助一些慈善團(tuán)體
Exercise contributes to better health.鍛煉能促成更強(qiáng)健的體魄
Proper rest and enough sleep contribute to longevity. 適當(dāng)?shù)男菹⒑妥銐虻乃�眠有益于長(zhǎng)壽。
填空
1）He__________ （捐很多錢） the charity.
2）Exercise ___________ （能促成） better health.
5. link vt.連接
The two towns are linked by a railway. 這兩個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)由一條鐵路連接起來。
1）同義詞：connect vt.連接
2）搭配 link A with B，link A and B together 將人或物連接或聯(lián)系起來。
3）組：link up with sth.（= connect with sth.） 與……連接。
（“水域相連”通常用 link up with ,“車輛（道路、交通）”相連用 connect with。）
翻譯
The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.
6. unfortunately adv.不幸地
巧記提示 un-（否定前綴）+fortunate（adj．幸運(yùn)的）+-ly（副詞詞尾）→不幸地。
She missed the last train unfortunately. 她不幸錯(cuò)過了最后一班列車。
1）同義詞：unluckily 不幸地；反義詞：fortunately 幸運(yùn)地。
2）unfortunately 一般修飾整個(gè)句子，常置于句首或句末。
選擇訓(xùn)練
Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea.______, neither of them could swim．
A. In fact B. Luckily C. Unfortunately D. Naturally
7. even if 即使
You mustn’t be conceited （自負(fù)）even if you’ve achieved a great success.
即使你取得了很大的成績(jī)也不應(yīng)當(dāng)驕傲。
1）even if 是連詞短語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，與 even though 同義。
2）與if 相關(guān)的連詞還有：as if 好像，only if 只要, if only 要是……就好了。
選擇
Allow children the space to voice their opinions，______they are different from your own．
A. until B. even if C. unless D. as though
8. as well 也
China possesses enormous quantities of coal and is rich in other minerals as well．
中國(guó)擁有大量煤炭，其他的礦藏也很豐富。
1）as well 是副詞短語(yǔ)，其意為“也”，相當(dāng)于too，它一般放在句末，有時(shí)和連詞 and 或 but 搭配使用。
2）在英語(yǔ)中，表示不同位置的“也”也要用不同的詞：
as well 多用于口語(yǔ)，但只用在句末。
too 多用于口語(yǔ)，位置常在句末，前面有逗號(hào)。
also 較正式，位置通常接近動(dòng)詞，不用于句末。
either 位置常在句末，且通常用于否定句。
3）易混短語(yǔ)：as well as
as well as 與 as well 僅一字之微，意義相近，故很易混淆。作為習(xí)語(yǔ)用作介詞時(shí)，as well as 的含義是“還有”，“不但……而且……”。
值得注意的是，在A as well as B 的結(jié)構(gòu)里，語(yǔ)意的重點(diǎn)在A，不在B。因此，“He can speak Spanish as well as English．”的譯文應(yīng)是：“他不但會(huì)說英語(yǔ)，而且會(huì)講西班牙語(yǔ)”，絕不能譯作：“他不但會(huì)說西班牙語(yǔ)，而且會(huì)講英語(yǔ)�！�
如果as well as 用作連詞引出比較從句，其意為“和……一樣好”。因此，“He speaks Spanish as well as English．”應(yīng)譯作：“他說西班牙語(yǔ)像說英語(yǔ)一樣好。”
活學(xué)活用：
選詞填空（as well as／as well）
1）Often life is much slower outside the big cities，as is true in other countries______.
2）During the football match，he hurt his arm ______breaking his leg.
三、重點(diǎn)句式分析與拓展
1. If a friend gets an invitation to a wedding, you can go with him/her, even if you don’t receive an invitation yourself.
如果你的朋友收到了參加婚禮的邀請(qǐng)，那么即使你自己并沒有得到邀請(qǐng)，也可以和他/她一起去。
1）這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，包含兩個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。
2）句首的狀語(yǔ)從句由 if 引導(dǎo)，表示條件；第二個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句由even if 引導(dǎo)，表示讓步。
3）to a wedding 是介詞短語(yǔ)，作 an invitation 的后置定語(yǔ)。
拓展
①if表示“如果”時(shí)，用于引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。if還能表示“是否”，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。
②if還能與其他的詞連用，構(gòu)成從屬連詞。如even if“即使”，only if “只有”，if only“只要……就好了”，as if “好像”。
③even if 用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，通�？膳ceven though 互換。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞還有though，although等。
2. After the ceremony, the guests can attend a wedding reception, which is usually a huge party and can last through the night.
婚禮之后，客人們可以參加婚宴。宴會(huì)通常規(guī)模盛大，可能持續(xù)整整一夜。
1）這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，從句是由which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
2）句中定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是a wedding reception。這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)由兩個(gè)部分組成，第一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)部分 is usually a huge party 是一個(gè)系表結(jié)構(gòu)，第二個(gè)謂語(yǔ)部分包含一個(gè)表猜測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can。
拓展
①which 可以用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，此時(shí)不能用 that 替換 which。
②有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可用于表示猜測(cè)。如 can、may、must 等。
3. There is a lot of eating, drinking and dancing, including the famous Greek circle dance, where everyone joins in.
婚宴上提供各種各樣的食品、飲料、還有舞會(huì)，其中包括所有人都參加的著名的希臘圓圈舞曲。
1）這個(gè)主從復(fù)合句的主句是一個(gè) there be 句型，從句是由關(guān)系副詞 where 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，它所修飾的是 the famous Greek circle dance。
2）including the famous Greek circle dance 是一個(gè)后置定語(yǔ)，修飾 dancing ，這個(gè)定語(yǔ)可以看作是介詞短語(yǔ)，也可以看作是一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)。
拓展
①there be 句型中的 be 的形式遵循“就近一致”原則，即 be 的形式由緊跟在它后面的名詞的數(shù)決定：如果名詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，be 也用單數(shù)；如果名詞是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，be 也用復(fù)數(shù)。where 經(jīng)常引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。
②including 可以看作是動(dòng)詞 include 的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，也可以看作介詞。在大多數(shù)情況下，特別用逗號(hào)與前面的部分隔開時(shí)，通常被看作介詞。
4. We tried to stay awake as long as possible to see Father Christmas but the next thing we knew it was morning, Christmas morning!
為了能看到圣誕老人我們盡可能醒著不睡覺，但是我們醒來時(shí)就是圣誕節(jié)的早晨了。
1）這個(gè)長(zhǎng)句的第一層是一個(gè)并列句，兩個(gè)分句由表示轉(zhuǎn)折的 but 連接。
2）but 前的分句帶有兩個(gè)不定式短語(yǔ)：第一個(gè)不定式短語(yǔ) to stay awake as long as possible 作 tried 的賓語(yǔ)，其中stay 是一個(gè)系動(dòng)詞，awake 是一個(gè)表語(yǔ)形容詞；第二個(gè)不定式短語(yǔ) to see Father Christmas 作目的狀語(yǔ)，表示 to stay awake as long as possible 的目的。
3）but 后的分句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，從句是it was morning，它在句中作動(dòng)詞 knew 的賓語(yǔ)，從句的引導(dǎo)詞 that 省略了。
拓展：
①不定式在句中除了作賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)外，還能充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)等成分。
②as long as 在句中是“和……一樣長(zhǎng)”的意思，它還能作從屬連詞引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，此時(shí)是“只要”的意思。
5. At the bottom of bed was the stocking, now full of all kinds of small presents and sweets.
床尾掛著長(zhǎng)筒襪，里面已裝滿各種各樣的小禮物和糖果。
1）這是一個(gè)把地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)提前的倒裝句，句子的主語(yǔ)是 stocking。
2）（now） full of…sweets 是一個(gè)形容詞短語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。
拓展
在英語(yǔ)中，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，為了上下文銜接的方便，或者是由于主語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)而考慮到句子的結(jié)構(gòu)等，都可以把地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)提前。注意分辨此類倒裝句中的主語(yǔ)，并對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)作出正確的判斷。
6. After lunch, the adults slept on the sofas in front of the Queen’s speech on television while we all played card.
午飯后，大人們?cè)诓ニ团�王演講的電視前面的沙發(fā)上睡著了，而我們都在玩牌。
1）這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，從句是由 while 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
2）本句中包含四個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)，句首的 after lunch 作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；主句中的 on the sofas 作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，in front of the Queen’s speech 也作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，on television 作后置定語(yǔ)（修飾 the Queen’s speech）。
拓展
①while 用作從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，譯為“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，從句中的動(dòng)詞都是延續(xù)性的，while 后常用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，譯為“盡管／雖然”。
②while還能用作并列連詞，連接并列句，此時(shí)譯為“而”，前后兩個(gè)分句有對(duì)比的意思。
7. It was believed that any village that did not give food would have bad luck.
任何不愿給予食物的村莊都會(huì)遭到厄運(yùn)。
1）句首的 “it”是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是第一個(gè)that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句 any village…luck。
2）第二個(gè) that 引導(dǎo)的從句 that did not give food 是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句修飾 village。
3）原句可以轉(zhuǎn)換為：
Any village that did not give food was believed to have bad luck.
People believed that any village that did not give food would have bad luck．
拓展
“It is believed that…” 可以轉(zhuǎn)換為：sb. /sth. is believed to do sth.，
還可以轉(zhuǎn)換為: We／People believe that…
與 believe 用法相同的詞還有:say，report，think，hope等.
Eg. On this day, the moon is said to be its biggest and brightest.
【模擬試題】（答題時(shí)間：20分鐘）
一、詞組專練和單詞拼寫
1）Last night the main e to the hall was crowed by the cheerful people.
2）Many ordinary working people c towards the city building.
3）Many t customs still exist in the remote countryside.
4）There were 120 people attending the party, i some children.
5）All the wedding i have been sent out by now.
6）Houses （裝飾）brightly and beautifully at Christmas.
7）My father （以及） my little brother has gone to Beijing for the holiday.
8）The stadium which （在建）will be used as the place of opening ceremony of 12th National Games.
9）You （不應(yīng)該）throw away the old bike and buy a new one.
10）When they （結(jié)婚）Michael was the best men.
二、綜合閱讀
The invention of the electric telegraph （電報(bào)） gave birth to the communications industry. Although Samuel B. Morse succeeded in making the invention useful in 1837, it was not until 1843 that the first important telegraph line was built up. By 1860 more than 50,000 miles of lines connected people east of the Rockies （落基山脈）. The following year, San Francisco was added to （加入到）the network. The national telegraph network strengthened（加強(qiáng)）the ties between East and West and contributed to the rapid expansion（擴(kuò)張）of the railroads by providing an efficient ways to monitor schedules and routes （計(jì)劃和路線）. Furthermore, the extension of the telegraph, combined with the invention of the steam-driven rotary printing press （蒸汽驅(qū)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)輪印刷機(jī)） by Richard
M. Hoe in 1846, completely changed the world of journalism（新聞業(yè)）. Where the business of news gathering had been dependent upon the mail and on hand-operated presses, the telegraph expanded the amount of information a newspaper could supply and allowed for more timely（及時(shí)的）reporting. The building of the Associated Press（美聯(lián)社）as a central wire service in 1846 marked the arrival of a new era （紀(jì)元） in journalism.
1）The main topic of the passage is .
A. the history of journalism
B. the origin of the national telegraph
C. how the telegraph network contributed to the expansion of railroads
D. the contributions and development of the telegraph network
2）The word “gathering” in line 12 refers to .
A. people B. information C. objects D. substances
3）The author’s main purpose in this passage is to .
A. compare the invention of the telegraph with the invention of the steam-driven rotary press
B. propose new ways to develop the communications industry
C. show how the electric telegraph affected the communications industry
D. criticize Samuel B. Morse
4）This passage would most likely be found in a .
A. U.S. history book B. book on trains
C. science textbook D. computer magazine
5）It can be inferred from the passage that .
A. Samuel Morse did not make an important contribution to the communications industry
B. Morse’s invention did not immediately achieve its full potential （潛力）
C. the extension of the telegraph was more important than its invention
D. journalists have the Associated Press to thank for the birth of the communications industry
【試題答案】 一、詞組專練和單詞拼寫
1）entrance 2）contributed 3）traditional 4）including
5）invitations 6）will be decorated / have been decorated
7）as well as / with / along with 8）is being built
9）ought not to 10）were married
二、綜合閱讀
1）D 。 這是一道細(xì)節(jié)考查題。A. 新聞業(yè)的歷史。 B. 國(guó)家電報(bào)網(wǎng)的來歷。C.電報(bào)網(wǎng)是如何促進(jìn)鐵路網(wǎng)的擴(kuò)張的。D. 國(guó)家電報(bào)網(wǎng)的貢獻(xiàn)和發(fā)展。 2）B在這指的是新聞消息的采集情況。本題是細(xì)節(jié)推理題。A.人們；C. 事物，實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象，賓語(yǔ)等意思。D. 物質(zhì)。 3）C 根據(jù)上下文可知，本文的主要目的是告訴我們電報(bào)業(yè)對(duì)資訊/通訊業(yè)的影響。 4）A 。 5）B 。本題屬于邏輯推理題。從這兩句Although Samuel B. Morse succeeded in making the invention useful in 1837, it was not until 1843 that the first important telegraph line was built up. The building of the Associated Press（美聯(lián)社）as a central wire service in 1846 marked the arrival of a new era （紀(jì)元） in journalism.可以知道，莫爾的發(fā)明一開始并沒有帶來大規(guī)模的實(shí)踐應(yīng)用。但是到了1846年它為新聞業(yè)帶來了一個(gè)新的紀(jì)元。


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